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Ongoing research in Europe: Alpha One International Registry (AIR) objectives and development.

In 1997, the World Health Organization recommended establishing an international registry of alpha(1)-antitrypsin deficiency. The objective of the present article is to describe the Organisation of an international network of registries, the Alpha One International Registry (AIR), and the processes of enrolling and entering data. By the end of 2005, the registry included individuals from 21 countr

Altered primordial germ cell migration in the absence of transforming growth factor beta signaling via ALK5

Transforming growth factor beta (TGF beta) inhibits proliferation and promotes the migration of primordial germ cells (PGCs) towards explants of gonadal ridges in vitro. However, its effects in vivo are still unclear. Here, we analyzed the behavior of PGCs in embryos lacking TGF beta signaling via the type I receptor ALK5. TGF beta in vivo was neither a chemoattractant for PGCs, nor did it affect

Plasma Adiponectin Levels in Relation to Carotid Intima Media Thickness and Markers of Insulin Resistance.

Background - Circulating adiponectin is a marker for insulin sensitivity, derived from fat cells. It is largely unknown if adiponectin is also an independent marker for early atherosclerosis. Methods and Results - Plasma adiponectin levels were measured in 373 men and 514 women of middle-age by a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. The subjects were sampled stratified for degree of insulin sen

Postglacial evolution and spatial differentiation of seasonal temperate rainforest in western Canada

Surface samples from Vancouver Island, Canada, were used to assess the relationship between discrete seasonal temperate rainforest (STR) plant communities and their corresponding pollen signatures. Pollen from ten sediment cores was further used to evaluate the postglacial development of these communities. Principal components analysis (PCA) of the surface data revealed the distinctiveness of the

NMR methods for characterizing microsecond to millisecond dynamics in recognition and catalysis

During the past two years, significant advances have been made in the development of NMR methods for studying biomolecular dynamics on the microsecond to millisecond timescale. Applications of these methods to biologically relevant systems have provided compelling evidence that, in many cases, conformational dynamics on these timescales govern the rates of biomolecular recognition and catalysis.

Age and sex are important factors in determining normal retinol levels

Cut-off levels for serum retinol levels of 20 micrograms/dl for marginal and 10 micrograms/dl for definite deficiency have been advocated and extensively used in population studies. However, the blood serum levels of retinol of the newborn are known to be very low and although the age dependency of the retinol binding protein has been described, the normal levels of serum retinol at different ages

High-Resolution Genomic Profiling of Carboplatin Resistance in Early-Stage Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma

Chemotherapy resistance remains a major obstacle to successful treatment of ovarian cancer patients. Therefore, increased knowledge of underlying mechanisms and identification of predictive factors are of great importance. Standard treatment for ovarian carcinoma is surgery followed by platinum-based chemotherapy. In this study, we aimed to search for genes or genomic regions involved in platinum

Reproductive status and lipid content as factors in PCB, DDT and HCH contamination of a pike population (Esox lucius L.)

Levels of persistent pollutants, including PCBs, SIGMADDT, and gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane, were examined in a pike population inhabiting a eutrophic lake in southern Scandinavia. For females, levels of persistent pollutants decreased linearly with age, weight, or length. This decline was ascribed to the seasonal elimination of the lipophilic pollutants in roe, which contained up to 10 times highe

Pregnancy in Parkinson's disease: a review of the literature and a case report

Pregnancy is rare in Parkinson's disease (PD). In the literature on studies of antiparkinsonian drugs in animals during pregnancy, there are reports on malformations of the skeletal and circulatory system. However, the majority of studies in animals have not shown any teratogenicity. Amantadine has been teratogenic in rats and selegiline has caused neurochemical and behavioral alterations in rats

ADAM12/syndecan-4 signaling promotes beta(1) integrin-dependent cell spreading through protein kinase C alpha and RhoA

The ADAMs (a disintegrin and metalloprotease) comprise a large family of multidomain proteins with cell-binding and metalloprotease activities. The ADAM12 cysteine-rich domain (rADAM12-cys) supports cell attachment using syndecan-4 as a primary cell surface receptor that subsequently triggers beta(1) integrin-dependent cell spreading, stress fiber assembly, and focal adhesion formation. This proce

Social participation and coronary heart disease: a follow-up study of 6900 women and men in Sweden

Few studies have examined the relationship between social, cultural and religious participation, political empowerment and coronary heart disease (CHD). The aim of this study was to examine whether low social participation, as described in a social participation index, predicted incidence rates of CHD. This is a follow-up study, from 1990-91 to 31 December 2000, of 6861 Swedish women and men, who

Function and Morphology of the Antennal Lobe: New Developments

The antennal lobe of insects has emerged as an excellent model for olfactory processing in the CNS. In the present review we compile data from areas where substantial progress has been made during recent years: structure-function relationships within the glomerular array, integration and blend specificity, time coding and the effects of neuroactive substances and hormones on antennal lobe processi

Consumer-resource matching in a food chain when both predators and prey are free to move

The classical theory of the ideal free distribution (IFD) predicts that the spatial distribution of consumers should follow the distribution of the resources they depend on. Here, we study consumer-resource matching in a community context. Our model for the community is a food chain with three levels. We study whether the primary consumers are able to match resources both under predation risk and

Input rates, decay losses and accumulation rates of carbon in bogs during the last millennium: internal processes and environmental changes

In peatlands the balance between litter input and decay loss in the oxic acrotelm determines the rate of carbon input to the anoxic catotelm with carbon lost at very slow rate. In the acrotelm the C/N-quotient decreases with depth and indicates the loss of carbon from the acrotelm. On one boreo-nemoral and three subalpine ombrotrophic bogs in Sweden the carbon losses in the acrotelm plus the appar

Activation of TAFI on the Surface of Streptococcus pyogenes Evokes Inflammatory Reactions by Modulating the Kallikrein/Kinin System

Bacteria-controlled regulation of host responses to infection is an important virulence mechanism that has been demonstrated to contribute to disease progression. Here we report that the human pathogen Streptococcus pyogenes employs the procarboxypeptidase TAR (thrombin-activatablefibrinolysis inhibitor) to modulate the kallikrein/kinin system. To this end, bacteria initiate a chain of events star

Evaluation of parameters for monitoring an anaerobic co-digestion process

The system investigated in this study is an anaerobic digester at a municipal wastewater treatment plant operating on sludge from the wastewater treatment, co-digested with carbohydrate-rich food-processing waste. The digester is run below maximum capacity to prevent overload. Process monitoring at present is not extensive, even for the measurement of on-line gas production rate and off-line pH. M