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A mobile gamma spectrometer's series of pulse height distributions (gamma spectra) acquired when passing a point source contains enough information to derive the distance to the source, its shielding and activity. Two Excel routines, SODAC and SSC, have been developed to determine these source parameters. SODAC determines the source-road distance by finding the best fit of the measured series of t

High energy prices recently have moved nuclear power back into the limelight. The biggest risk of nuclear industry has been large-scale accidents that give rise to ground deposition of long-lived fission products such as 137Cs, notably Chernobyl in 1986 (Ukraine) and Fukushima in 2011 (Japan). In Japan, extensive land remediation of residential areas was carried out at an estimated direct cost bet

Thyroid dose estimations after nuclear power plant (NPP) accidents are traditionally based on internal uptake of radioiodine, mainly 131I, either by instrumental measurements of thyroid uptake or by ecological estimations based on geographical dispersion of the radioiodine cloud, demographics, and food habits. However, it has been shown that 134Cs and 137Cs in some cases can be the dominant contri

The feasibility of the global energy transition may rest on the ability of nations to harness hydrogen's potential for cross-sectoral decarbonization. In countries historically reliant on natural gas for domestic heating and cooking such as the UK, hydrogen may prove critical to meeting net-zero targets and strengthening energy security. In response, the UK government is targeting industrial decar

Breath-hold ECG-gated cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging is challenging during exercise due to motion, ECG-problems, and lengthy scans. To facilitate time-resolved volumetric measures from exercise-CMR, we aimed to develop a method for constructing time-resolved ventricular cines from real-time free-breathing exercise-CMR. Time-resolved ventricular cines were semi-automatically constr

Background: Testicular germ cell cancer (TGCC) originates during fetal life. Fetal exposure to environmental chemicals may contribute to its development, but epidemiological data are lacking. We investigated per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), which can act as endocrine disruptors during fetal development, and TGCC risk in adulthood. Methods: We conducted a nested case-control study of 549

This paper presents the observation of four-top-quark (tt¯ tt¯) production in proton-proton collisions at the LHC. The analysis is performed using an integrated luminosity of 140 fb - 1 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected using the ATLAS detector. Events containing two leptons with the same electric charge or at least three leptons (electrons or muons) are selected. Event kinematics are

Late radiation-induced kidney toxicity limits molecular radionuclide therapy using radiopharmaceuticals such as 177Lu-octreotate and 177Lu-octreotide. Better kidney protection would allow higher amounts of radiopharmaceutical to be administered. Coadministration of recombinant human alpha-1-microglobulin (rA1M) has been suggested to protect kidneys from exposure from 177Lu-octreotate. Furthermore,

A field survey was conducted in Sweden with the purpose to revisit the ground deposition of Chornobyl 137Cs and the associated ambient dose equivalent rate, H∗ (10), at various measuring locations in the Gävle and Älvkarleby municipalities. The specific purpose was to compare the 137Cs deposition values as measured in situ using a field portable gamma spectrometer [3″(Ø) × 3″ NaI(Tl)-crystal] with

Introduction: Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is associated with tonsillar and base-of-tongue squamous cell carcinomas (TSCC/BOTSCC). We evaluated the relative risk (RR) of TSCC/BOTSCC in the husbands of women with anogenital cancer using the Swedish family database. Methods: The Swedish family database includes 3.5 million families and 16 million individuals identified since 1932 and linked

Decarbonising the global housing stock is imperative for reaching climate change targets. In the United Kingdom, hydrogen is currently being tested as a replacement fuel for natural gas, which could be used to supply low-carbon energy to parts of the country. Transitioning the residential sector towards a net-zero future will call for an inclusive understanding of consumer preferences for emerging

In vivo preclinical X-ray micro-computed tomography (μCT) imaging is widely used to obtain three-dimensional anatomical information of small animals. However, the potential for radiation exposure to influence experimental outcomes necessitates accurate dose estimation. The aim of this study was to develop a robust and reproducible method for estimating and evaluating absorbed doses in small animal

This study investigates the application of Bayesian methods in Media Mix Modeling (MMM) and compares their performance against more traditional regression models. We develop multiple MMM's to quantify the impact of media and non-media variables on a company's performance, including: (1) a Bayesian regression model incorporating prior knowledge and posterior inference, and (2) simpler regre

Newts have large genomes harbouring many repeat elements. How these elements shape the genome and relate to newts’ unique regeneration ability remains unknown. We present here the chromosome-scale assembly of the 20.3Gb genome of the Iberian ribbed newt, Pleurodeles waltl, with a hitherto unprecedented contiguity and completeness among giant genomes. We provide evidence that intronic repeat elemen

A search for pair production of squarks or gluinos decaying via sleptons or weak bosons is reported. The search targets a final state with exactly two leptons with same-sign electric charge or at least three leptons without any charge requirement. The analysed data set corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 139 fb−1 of proton-proton collisions collected at a centre-of-mass energy of 13 TeV wit

Background and Aims: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are critical for preventing sudden cardiac death (SCD) in arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC). This study aims to identify cross-continental differences in utilization of primary prevention ICDs and survival free from sustained ventricular arrhythmia (VA) in ARVC. Methods: This was a retrospective analysis of AR

Observations of low-mass stars have frequently shown a disagreement between observed stellar radii and radii predicted by theoretical stellar structure models. This ‘radius inflation’ problem could have an impact on both stellar and exoplanetary science. We present the final results of our observation programme with the CHaracterising ExOPlanet Satellite (CHEOPS) to obtain high-precision light cur

Background and Aims: In primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC), the risk for gallbladder malignancy is increased. Surveillance imaging is used for early diagnosis. The study aims to assess the reliability of ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of gallbladder polyps in people with PSC and to define a polyp size as a cut-off at which cholecystectomy is indicated due to th

In an era characterised by political instability, economic uncertainty and mounting environmental pressures, hydrogen fuel is being positioned as a critical piece of the global energy security and clean energy agenda. The policy push is noteworthy in the United Kingdom, where the government is targeting industrial decarbonisation via hydrogen, while exploring a potential role for hydrogen-fuelled