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Laser-driven plasma waves in capillary tubes

The excitation of plasma waves over a length of up to 8 cm is demonstrated using laser guiding of intense laser pulses through hydrogen-filled glass capillary tubes. The plasma waves are diagnosed by spectral analysis of the transmitted laser radiation. The dependence of the spectral redshift-measured as a function of filling pressure, capillary tube length, and incident laser energy-is in excelle

The first gamma-carboxyglutamic acid-containing contryphan - A selective L-type calcium ion channel blocker isolated from the venom of conus marmoreus

Contryphans constitute a group of conopeptides that are known to contain an unusual density of post-translational modifications including tryptophan bromination, amidation of the C-terminal residue, leucine, and tryptophan isomerization, and proline hydroxylation. Here we report the identification and characterization of a new member of this family, glacontryphan-M from the venom of Conus marmoreu

The rate and pattern of organ damage in late onset systemic lupus erythematosus

Objective. To compare the extent and type of damage in patients with late onset and earlier onset Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) using the Systemic Lupus International Collaborating Clinics/American College of Rheumatology Damage Index (SDI). Methods. A total of 86 SLE patients with disease onset after the age of 54 years were matched for center, sex, and ethnic origin with 155 SLE patients wi

Cyclin e overexpression reduces infiltrative growth in breast cancer - Yet another link between proliferation control and tumor invasion

Overexpression of cyclin E is strongly linked to an aggressive phenotype and poor prognosis in breast cancer. Unexpectedly, it has been shown that cyclin E overexpression decreases mobility and invasiveness of breast cancer cells. In fact, in a study of 985 breast cancers, cyclin E correlated with less infiltrative growth. This suggests a novel function for cyclin E in breast cancer tumorigenesis

Geochronology and petrology of the Tielma Magmatic Complex, northern Swedish caledonides - Results and tectonic implications

In the Caledonides of Scandinavia a lower part of the nappe pile, the Middle Allochthon, consists of metasedimentary rocks and orthogneisses, transported in a southeastern direction and presumably derived from the rifted margin of pre-orogenic cratonic Baltica. In the Sarek-Kvikkjokk area in northern Sweden, telescoped orthogneisses are composed of lithologies that share characteristics with the a

Pilocarpine treatment of xerostomia in head and neck patients

We studied the effect of pilocarpine hydrochloride, a parasympathicomimewtic agent, on major salivary gland output and subjective responses in 40 patients with salivary hypofunction. Pilocarpine increased salivary output or gave significant symptomatic relief in 21 of the 40 patients. The women fared better than the men. Side effects were uncommon, were generally mild, and caused no treatment inte

Enhanced autoimmunity, arthritis, and encephalomyelitis in mice with a reduced oxidative burst due to a mutation in the Ncf1 gene.

The Ncf1 gene was recently identified as a strong regulator of severe arthritis in rat. This finding was surprising, because the disease-promoting allele mediated a lower level of reactive oxygen species in NADPH oxidase-expressing cells. We have now investigated a splice mutation of the Ncf1 gene in B10.Q mice, causing a truncated and nonfunctional Ncf1 protein. We found that the mutated Ncf1 led

Metal binding to Bacillus subtilis ferrochelatase and interaction between metal sites.

Ferrochelatase, the terminal enzyme in heme biosynthesis, catalyses metal insertion into protoporphyrin IX. The location of the metal binding site with respect to the bound porphyrin substrate and the mode of metal binding are of central importance for understanding the mechanism of porphyrin metallation. In this work we demonstrate that Zn2+, which is commonly used as substrate in assays of the f

European quadricentric evaluation of a breast MR biopsy and localization device: technical improvements based on phase-I evaluation

Our purpose was to report about technical success, problems and solutions, as experienced in a first multicentre study on MR-guided localisation or vacuum biopsy of breast lesions. The study was carried out at four European sites using a dedicated prototype breast biopsy device. Experiences with 49 scheduled localisation procedures and 188 vacuum biopsies are reported. Apart from 35 dropped indica

Tectonic response of the central Chilean margin (35-38 degrees S) to the collision and subduction of heterogeneous oceanic crust: a thermochronological study

Along-strike geological segmentation in the Andean chain has been recognized at various scales and is Usually attributed to changes in plate motion vectors, as well as the upper-plate expression of differing subducted slab age, strength and composition. We present new multi-phase Ar-40/Ar-39, apatite fission-track and zircon and apatite (U-Th)/He data from a north-south-oriented traverse between 3

Protonation and charging of nanosized gibbsite (alpha-Al(OH)(3)) particles in aqueous suspension

Synthetic gibbsite was prepared and thoroughly characterized using X-ray diffraction, high-resolution transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Fourier transform infrared techniques. The protonation and charging of the particle surface(s) in 20 and 100 mM (Na)Cl ionic media were investigated using potentiometric titrations and zeta potential measurements. These measurements in

Proenkephalin-A mRNA is widely expressed in tissues of the human gastrointestinal tract

Background: It has been shown that the non-opioid effects of Met-enkephalin, which is derived from proenkephalin-A, are mediated through a specific opioid growth factor (OGF) receptor which is assumed to be involved in the control of cell growth. The expression and tissue location of proenkephalin-A mRNA in the gastrointestinal tract remains largely unknown. Methods: In this study we have analyzed

Multi-indices analysis of southern Scandinavian storminess 1780-2005 and links to interdecadal variations in the NW Europe-North Sea region

Extra-tropical cyclone frequency and intensity are Currently under intense scrutiny because of the destruction recent windstorms have brought to Europe, and because they are a major meridional heat transport mechanism that may respond to differential latitudinal warming trends. Several studies using reanalysis data covering the second half of the 20th century Suggest increasing storm intensity in

Stratospheric ozone depletion: High arctic tundra plant growth on Svalbard is not affected by enhanced UV-B after 7 years of UV-B supplementation in the field

The response of tundra plants to enhanced UV-B radiation simulating 15 and 30% ozone depletion was studied at two high arctic sites (Isdammen and Adventdalen, 78 degrees N, Svalbard).The set-up of the UV-B supplementation systems is described, consisting of large and small UV lamp arrays, installed in 1996 and 2002. After 7 years of exposure to enhanced UV-B radiation, plant cover, density, morpho

Organic aerosol and global climate modelling: a review

The present paper reviews existing knowledge with regard to Organic Aerosol ( OA) of importance for global climate modelling and defines critical gaps needed to reduce the involved uncertainties. All pieces required for the representation of OA in a global climate model are sketched out with special attention to Secondary Organic Aerosol ( SOA): The emission estimates of primary carbonaceous parti

Jet properties from dihadron correlations in p plus p collisions at root s=200 GeV

The properties of jets produced in p+p collisions at root s=200 GeV are measured using the method of two-particle correlations. The trigger particle is a leading particle from a large transverse momentum jet while the associated particle comes from either the same jet or the away-side jet. Analysis of the angular width of the near-side peak in the correlation function determines the jet-fragmentat

Autonomic nerve dysfunction in patients with bolus-specific esophageal dysmotility

The pathogenetic mechanisms causing esophageal dysmotility is not well understood. We examined 13 patients with solid bolus dysphagia in a radiologic barium study including the swallowing of a 14-mm tablet. In all 13 patients the tablet was caught in the proximal or midesophagus. In 8 patients, the entrapment was associated with symptoms (Group 1) whereas in 5 patients (Group 2), no symptoms were

Assessing ecological quality of shallow lakes: Does knowledge of transparency suffice?

The European Water Framework Directive (WFD) requires that all aquatic ecosystems in their member states should reach ‘good’ ecological quality by 2015. To assess ecological quality, the WFD requires the definition of reference conditions using biological, physical and chemical indicators and the assignment of each water body to one of five quality classes using these indicators. Elaborate assessm

The proinflammatory CXC-chemokines GRO-alpha/CXCL1 and MIG/CXCL9 are concomitantly expressed in ulcerative colitis and decrease during treatment with topical corticosteroids

Background Ulcerative colitis is characterized by relapsing mucosal inflammation where the lesions include tissue-damaging granulocytes. In addition, T cells and natural killer (NK) cells play important pathophysiologic roles. Chemokines are a large family of peptides that play key roles in the regulation of inflammation. The CXC-chemokines, growth-related oncogene (GRO)-alpha/CXCL1 and interleuki