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First meiotic division in females and males of Yponomeuta evonyrnellus (L.), Y. cagnagellus (Hiibner). Y. rnalinellus Zeller, Y. padellus (L), Y. rorellus (Hiibner) and Y. gigas Rebel was studied in the light microscope. In the heterogametic females the sex chromosomes were found to be associated in a sex chromosome trivalent. The sex chromosome trivalent, written AA W Z, consisted of a W‐chromos

The European Union's Natura 2000 (N2000) is among the largest international networks of protected areas. One of its aims is to secure the status of a predetermined set of (targeted) bird and butterfly species. However, nontarget species may also benefit from N2000. We evaluated how the terrestrial component of this network affects the abundance of nontargeted, more common bird and butterfly specie

The introductory chapter emphasises the general relevance of the study of electoral candidates in representative democracies. It presents the book’s theoretical framework: the triadic delegation and accountability relationship between candidates, voters and parties—based on principal–agent theory. We theoretically map patterns of candidates’ behaviour and attitudes in all main dimensions of their

In the concluding chapter, we outline the major findings from the eleven book chapters by connecting them to one another. We come back to the triadic delegation and accountability relationship between candidates, voters and parties that were developed based on principal–agent theory, and emphasise the most relevant findings of this book that inform this triad. The chapter also takes a critical sta

The paper focuses on analysis of macro‐ and micromorphological characteristics of relict slope deposits in Serra da Estrela (Portugal) to understand the significance of different slope processes and paleoenvironmental settings. Micromorphology is a useful sedimentology technique allowing significant advances compared to macroscopic techniques. Results show that different processes are involved in

Big Science is costly and complex, and historical evidence seems to suggest that projects often get delayed and more expensive than planned. On the basis of several studies of large infrastructures such as railroads and bridges, the Danish geographer Bent Flyvbjerg has proposed that there is an “iron law” of megaprojects, meaning that they almost without exception turn out more expensive and more

This thought-provoking book expands on the notion that Big Science is not the only term to describe and investigate particularly large research projects, scientific collaborations and facilities. It investigates the significant overlap between Big Science and Research Infrastructures (RIs) in a European context since the early twenty-first century. Contributions to this innovative book not only au

Purpose: The accuracy of analytical dose calculations (ADC) and dose uncertainties resulting from anatomical changes are both limiting factors in proton therapy. For the latter, rapid plan adaption is necessary; for the former, Monte Carlo (MC) approaches are increasingly recommended. These, however, are inherently slower than analytical approaches, potentially limiting the ability to rapidly adap