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FDI and sanctions : An empirical analysis of short- and long-run effects

Although the relationship between trade and the success of international sanctions has been a topic of many debates in political economy over the past 30 years, the effect of sanctions on foreign direct investment (FDI) is still largely unexplored. Using the data for 184 countries from 1970 to 2010 and bias-corrected estimators, this study tests the effect of sanction imposition on foreign investm

Nanoparticle-supported polymer brushes for temperature-regulated glycoprotein separation : Investigation of structure-function relationship

In this work, we synthesized a series of nanoparticle-supported boronic acid polymer brushes for affinity separation of glycoproteins. Polymer brushes were prepared by surface-initiated atom transfer radical polymerization of glycidyl methacrylate and N-isopropylacrylamide, followed by stepwise modification of the pendant as well as the end functional groups to introduce boronic acid moieties thro

The Earth's Magnetic Field and Visual Landmarks Steer Migratory Flight Behavior in the Nocturnal Australian Bogong Moth

Like many birds [1], numerous species of nocturnal moths undertake spectacular long-distance migrations at night [2]. Each spring, billions of Bogong moths (Agrotis infusa) escape hot conditions in different regions of southeast Australia by making a highly directed migration of over 1,000 km to a limited number of cool caves in the Australian Alps, historically used for aestivating over the summe

Transcription Factor PU.1 Represses and Activates Gene Expression in Early T Cells by Redirecting Partner Transcription Factor Binding

Transcription factors normally regulate gene expression through their action at sites where they bind to DNA. However, the balance of activating and repressive functions that a transcription factor can mediate is not completely understood. Here, we showed that the transcription factor PU.1 regulated gene expression in early T cell development both by recruiting partner transcription factors to its

Services and disservices of ant communities in tropical cacao and coffee agroforestry systems

Tropical tree crops such as cacao and coffee are produced around the tropics in diverse, multistrata agroforests as well as monoculture plantations Box 16.1 and references therein). The smallholders cultivating these systems battle pests and diseases that differ regionally and change over time, but often take a significant part of their yield, and therefore their revenue. In these perennial system

Validation of the breast evaluation questionnaire for breast hypertrophy and breast reduction

BACKGROUND: There is a lack of published, validated questionnaires for evaluating psychosocial morbidity in patients with breast hypertrophy undergoing breast reduction surgery.AIM: To validate the breast evaluation questionnaire (BEQ), originally developed for the assessment of breast augmentation patients, for the assessment of psychosocial morbidity in patients with breast hypertrophy undergoin

TIGR matrix surgical mesh - a two-year follow-up study and complication analysis in 65 immediate breast reconstructions

In recent years, it has become increasingly popular to use matrices, such as acellular dermal matrices, in implant-based breast reconstruction. To lower the cost and to avoid implanting biological material, the use of synthetic meshes has been proposed. This is the first study examining TIGR® Mesh in a larger series of immediate breast reconstruction. The aims of the study were to examine complica

Improved Prognosis and Low Failure Rate with Anticoagulation as First-Line Therapy in Mesenteric Venous Thrombosis

Background Monotherapy with anticoagulation has been considered as first-line therapy in patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT). The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome, prognostic factors, and failure rate of anticoagulation as monotherapy, and to identify when bowel resection was needed.Methods Retrospective study of consecutive patients with MVT diagnosed between 2000 and 2015.RBACKGROUND: Monotherapy with anticoagulation has been considered as first-line therapy in patients with mesenteric venous thrombosis (MVT). The aim of this study was to evaluate outcome, prognostic factors, and failure rate of anticoagulation as monotherapy, and to identify when bowel resection was needed.METHODS: Retrospective study of consecutive patients with MVT diagnosed between 2000 and 2015

Progress and challenges to the global waste management system

Rapid economic growth, urbanization and increasing population have caused (materially intensive) resource consumption to increase, and consequently the release of large amounts of waste to the environment. From a global perspective, current waste and resource management lacks a holistic approach covering the whole chain of product design, raw material extraction, production, consumption, recycling

Enhancing Reuse and Resource Recovery of Electrical and Electronic Equipment with Reverse Logistics to Meet Carbon Reduction Targets

Technological advances, with increasing numbers of products containing complex electronic circuitry, have resulted in e-waste becoming the fastest-growing global waste stream. High levels of embodied carbon in these products ensure that, to meet emissions reduction targets proposed by the United Nations Paris Agreement, tackling e-waste requires strategies to address climate change United Nations

Consumer Perspectives on longevity and Reliability : A National Study of Purchasing Factors Across Eighteen Product Categories

Increasing global demand for durable goods prevents the decoupling of economic growth from natural resource use required to achieve sustainable consumption and production. Presently, most consumers in the United Kingdom (UK) exhibit a strong preference for purchasing new durable goods. Therefore, short-to-medium term strategies that seek to engender sustainable consumption of durable goods should

Towards a Sustainable Business Model for Plastic Shopping Bag Management in Sweden

From an environmental perspective, a separate collection and recycling system for post-consumer discards could contribute to improved environmental protection as well as economic benefits. This paper investigates the environmental potential of a business model proposed in Sweden in order to improve the utilization of plastic shopping bags. The business model aims to reduce the consumption of plast

Identifying ways of closing the metal flow loop in the global mobile phone product system : A system dynamics modeling approach

In the past few decades, e-waste has emerged as one of the fastest growing and increasingly complex waste flows world-wide. Within e-waste, the life cycle of the mobile phone product system is particularly important because of: (1) the increasing quantities of mobile phones in this waste flow; and (2) the sustainability challenges associated with the emerging economies of reuse, refurbishment, and

Unintended Environmental Consequences of Improvement Actions : A Qualitative Analysis of Systems' Structure and Behavior

We qualitatively analysed how and why environmental improvement actions often lead to unintended environmental consequences. Different theories are integrated to delineate the underlying system structure causing this system behavior. Causal loop diagram technique is utilized to explore and visualize: how incremental improvements in material and energy efficiency can unintendedly cause consumption

Towards Addressing Unintended Environmental Consequences : A Planning Framework

Efforts to decouple environmental impacts and resource consumption have been confounded by interactions and feedback between technical-economic, environmental and social aspects not considered prior to implementing improvement actions. This paper presents a planning framework that connects material flows and the socio-economic drivers that result in changes in these flows, in order to reduce confl

Some pervasive challenges to sustainability by design of electronic products - A conceptual discussion

Sustainability should encompass responsibility for unintended environmental consequences of modern developments. This study examined some pervasive challenges to sustainability by design of electronic products, namely: (i) product and consumption redundancies; (i) embodied environmental and social impacts occurring distant in time and space from the point of consumption; and (iii) production and c

Resource recovery from post-consumer waste : important lessons for the upcoming circular economy

A circular economy has been proposed as a sustainable alternative to our current linear economic system, mainly by recirculating material resources for new product development. To understand resource recirculation in practice, this paper analyses over 50 examples of products developed from discarded materials, categorising them into the recovery routes described in the circular economy literature.

Evaluating low-carbon city initiatives from the DPSIR framework perspective

Current low-carbon city initiatives were evaluated using the DPSIR (Driving forces-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses) causal-effect framework for investigating interactions between environmental issues and human activities. For effective management towards achieving a low-carbon city, integrating the pressure-based, driver-oriented DPSIR approach could help decision makers examine whether greenhou

Towards a Sustainable Resource Management : a broader systems approach to product design and waste management

Rapid economic growth, urbanisation and increasing population have caused (materially intensive) resource consumption to increase, and consequently the release of large amounts of waste to the environment. Numerous technological and operational approaches to resource management have been introduced throughout the system of production, consumption and waste management. This thesis concludes that th

Beyond Waste Management

Current physical resource management (PRM) was investigated in a global perspective in this thesis, to gain a deeper understanding of its implications in a sustainability perspective. In particular, the main challenges to the current PRM system and the kinds of systemic changes needed for sustainable PRM were examined. In five separate studies, different theoretical and practical challenges to cur