To understand the function of cerebellar granule cells, we need detailed knowledge about the information carried by their afferent mossy fibers and how this information is integrated by the granule cells. Recently, we made whole cell recordings from granule cells in the non-anesthetized, decerebrate cats. All recordings were made in the forelimb area of the C3 zone for which the afferent and effer

PURPOSE: To analyze the relation between alcohol consumption and the risk of disability pension among middle-aged men. METHODS: In the mid-seventies, complete birth-year cohorts of middle-aged male residents in Malmo, Sweden, were invited to participate in a general health survey. The 3751 men with complete data who constituted the cohort in this study were followed for 11 years. Alcohol consumpti

Total ectomycorrhizal infection level and the composition of individual infection types were investigated in young Pinus sylvestris seedlings planted in a mature Scots pine forest in southern Sweden, which was N-fertilized 13 years ago. Total ectomycorrhizal infection frequency, approximately 85%, did not differ between the fertilized and non-fertilized plots, but the infection types differed betw

Factor VIII (FVIII)-bypassing agents have complex modes of action but all control bleeding in inhibitor patients by triggering the generation of thrombin. No routine test is available for monitoring this therapy in patients with inhibitors against FVIII. We present an assay that records FEIBA- or FVIIa- mediated changes in thrombin generation (TG) in FVIII inhibitor plasma samples. In plasma sampl

Derivatives of N-acetyllactosamine carrying structurally diverse thioureido groups at galactose C3 were prepared from a C3'-azido N-acetyllactosamine derivative in a three-step reaction sequence involving azide reduction and isothiocyanate formation by thiophosgene treatment of the C3-amine, followed by reaction of the isothiocyanate with a panel of amines. Evaluation of the N-acetyllactosamine th

Advanced materials, such as high abrasion resistant cast iron, have great applications for abrasive and erosive environments. Since the amount and the hardness of the microstructural carbides constituents in this material is extremely high, the abrasion-resistance cast iron is generally difficult to be machined with traditional cemented carbide tool. The hard and abrasive particles in this materia

Here, a conceptual model is presented for the development of Phytophthora disease in pedunculate oak. The model is presented using the causal loop diagram tool and gives an overview of how various abiotic and biotic factors, such as soil moisture, nutrient availability and mycorrhizal colonization, may affect the reproduction and the infective capacity of soil-borne Phytophthora species, the susce

The concept of willow vegetation filters for the treatment of nutrient-rich wastewater has the potential to address two of our most serious environmental problems today -water pollution and climate change- in a cost-efficient way. Despite several benefits, including high treatment efficiency, increased biomass yields, improved energy and resource efficiency, and cost savings, willow vegetation fil

Background: The calcipotriol/betamethasone dipropionate two-compound product is safe and effective in the short-term treatment of psoriasis. Objective: The primary objective was to investigate the safety of two treatment regimens involving use of the two-compound product over 52 weeks. The efficacy results are presented here. Methods: Six hundred and thirty-four patients were randomised double-bli

The Kidd (JK) blood group system is of importance in transfusion medicine. The Jk(null) phenotype is associated with absence of the urea transporter in erythrocytes and moderately reduced ability to concentrate urine. We and others recently reported different molecular alterations in the silenced Jkb-like alleles of Polynesians and Finns, populations with higher Jk(null) frequencies. Here we repor

(H2O)(N) clusters generated in a supersonic expansion source with N similar to 1000 were core ionized by synchrotron radiation, giving rise to core-level photoelectron and Auger electron spectra (AES), free from charging effects. The AES is interpreted as being intermediate between the molecular and solid water spectra showing broadened bands as well as a significant shoulder at high kinetic energ

We report measurements of the band gap of InAs1−xPx nanowires having wurtzite crystal structure as a function of the composition for 0.14

The nature of the interaction between mellitic acid (benzene hexacarboxylic acid) and the common soil mineral goethite (alpha-FeOOH) has been investigated as a function of pH and ionic strength by use of attenuated total reflection Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Molecular orbital calculations of the theoretical vibrational frequencies of the mellitate ion (L6-) and dihydrogen mellitate (

The hemiascomycete yeast Dekkera bruxellensis, also known as Brettanomyces bruxellensis, is a major cause of wine spoilage worldwide. Wines infected with D. bruxellensis develop distinctive, unpleasant aromas due to volatile phenols produced by this species, which is highly ethanol tolerant and facultatively anaerobic. Despite its importance, however, D. bruxellensis has been poorly genetically ch

Huntington's disease is an autosomal dominant disease which presents with striatal and cortical degeneration causing involuntary movements, dementia and emotional changes. We employed 16-week-old transgenic Huntington mice (R6/1 line developed by Bates and coworkers) that express exon 1 of the mutant human Huntington gene with 115 CAG triplet repeats. At this age, R6/1 mice do not exhibit an overt

This study investigates an intonation contour of German whose status has not been established yet: a globally falling contour with a slight rise at the very end of the phrase (FSR). The contour may be said to lie on a phonetic continuum between falling (F) and falling-rising (FR) contours. It is hypothesized that F, FR and FSR differ with respect to their communicative functions: F is terminal, FR

Introduction. There are few published guidelines for the management of sexual dysfunctions in men and women, despite the prevalence and lack of attention to these problems. Disorders of sexual function in men include erectile dysfunction, orgasm/ejaculation disorders, priapism, and Peyronie's disease. Aim. To provide evidence-based and expert-opinion consensus guidelines for the clinical managemen

From a historical perspective, personal pronouns in Romance languages display a tendency to undergo changes in syntactic status in a particular order, namely; strong > weak > clitic. This paper discusses the possible reasons behind the final step of this sequence of development, i.e. that from a weak form to clitic status. It will be argued that the external trigger for this kind of diachronic cha

Abstract The all black carrion crow (Corvus corone corone) and the grey and black hooded crow (Corvus corone cornix) meet in a narrow hybrid zone across Europe. To evaluate the degree of genetic differentiation over the hybrid zone, we genotyped crows from the centre and edges of the zone, and from allopatric populations in northern (Scotland-Denmark-Sweden) and southern Europe (western-central no