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Background: Chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) disease control is a global metric of disease status for CRS. While there is broad acceptance that it is an important treatment goal, there has been inconsistency in the criteria used to define CRS control. The objective of this study was to identify and develop consensus around essential criteria for assessment of CRS disease control. Methods: Modified Del
Human factors (HF) is a cross-disciplinary field of science that is strongly associated with safety, especially in regards to the role of human performance in ensuring safe actions and outcomes. Although ‘cross-disciplinary' in this context represents the admirable aim to use all available knowledge to enhance safety, even the field of human factors has to outline the limitations of itself as a fi
The term “mission” in its modern meaning was coined during the expansion of Western Christianity which was in many ways entangled with colonialism. The Western missionary movement’s modus operandi was adopted by missions from other backgrounds as well, when economic growth and growth of revivalist Christianity have coincided. When the outcome is new churches in economically underprivileged areas,
Renal hyperparathyroidism (rHPT) is a complex and challenging disorder. It develops early in renal failure, mainly as a consequence of reduced levels of vitamin D, hypocalcemia, diminished excretion of phosphate, and inability to activate vitamin D. RHPT is associated with increased risk of fractures, cardiovascular disease and death. The diagnosis of rHPT rests on demonstrating elevated levels of
Soil microbial communities play a pivotal role in regulating ecosystem functioning. But they are increasingly being shaped by human-induced environmental change, including intense “pulse” perturbations, such as droughts, which are predicted to increase in frequency and intensity with climate change. While it is known that soil microbial communities are sensitive to such perturbations and that effe
Context. Extreme precision radial-velocity spectrometers enable extreme precision in stellar spectroscopy. Searches for low-mass exoplanets around solar-type stars are limited by various types of physical variability in stellar spectra, such as the short-term jittering of apparent radial velocities on levels of ∼2 m s-1. Aims. To understand the physical origins of radial-velocity jittering, the so
Germline mutations are the ultimate source of genetic variation and the raw material for organismal evolution. Despite their significance, the frequency and genomic locations of mutations, as well as potential sex bias, are yet to be widely investigated in most species. To address these gaps, we conducted whole-genome sequencing of 12 great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) in a pedigree s
Kostintaget i Sverige följer inte Livsmedelsverkets rekommendationer. I den här studien undersöker vi om skatter och subventioner på livsmedel kan påverka människors matvanor och hälsa. Vi studerar skatter på produkter med hög andel mättade fetter och på produkter med hög andel salt, och hur de är relaterade till dödsfall från kostrelaterade sjukdomar. Vi undersöker även i vilken utsträckning subv
The study of yield gaps has become more complex, prompting the use of varied approaches to measure yields and a wider range of factors to explain these gaps. In the Global North, the focus is on precision farming, whereas in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), a broader perspective is necessary due to pronounced variability in farmland conditions. While biogeophysical and management factors have been tradit
Substructure coupling and model order reduction using Component Mode Synthesis (CMS) have, over recent years, gained considerable attention in the vibroacoustic analysis of complex structures. In the CMS methodology, the interior dynamics of each subcomponent in a substructured system are represented by a truncated set of normal modes within the lower frequency range, while all physical degrees of
Prediabetes is a metabolic condition associated with gut mi-crobiome composition, although mechanisms remain elu-sive. We searched for fecal metabolites, a readout of gut microbiome function, associated with impaired fasting glucose (IFG) in 142 individuals with IFG and 1,105 healthy individuals from the UK Adult Twin Registry (TwinsUK). We used the Cooperative Health Research in the Region of Aug
Background: Adult males in Sweden exhibit an increased risk of cancer associated with an increased absorbed dose to the colon from the Chernobyl accident. Methods: A closed cohort, with information on hunter status, included all individuals living in northern Sweden in 1986. Complete annual information on exposure to 137Cs at the dwelling coordinate was available for a total of 2,104,101 individua
Introduction: The activity meter is used to determine the activity of delivered radiopharmaceuticals, administered activity to patients and reference activity when gamma-cameras are calibrated prior to imaged-based dosimetry. The aim is to describe a procedure for cross-calibration of activity meters at different clinical sites, and report on 177Lu activity results when using factory-set calibrati
Characterizing the electronic structure of the iron-sulfur clusters in nitrogenase is necessary to understand their role in the nitrogen fixation process. One challenging task is to determine the protonation state of the intermediates in the nitrogen fixing cycle. Here, we use a dimeric iron-sulfur model to study relative energies of protonation at C, S, or Fe. Using a composite method based on co
Ideal minimum-energy grain boundary (GB) structures are usually the only ones considered when characterizing GBs. This limited perspective provides an incomplete view of the possible structural variability of GBs. In the present study, phase field crystal (PFC) simulations are employed in a systematic search of GB states based on -surface sampling, demonstrating PFC to be a capable tool for this p
Background: Antibiotics provide only modest benefit in treating sore throat, although their effectiveness increases in people with positive throat swabs for group A beta-haemolytic streptococci (GABHS). It is unclear which antibiotic is the best choice if antibiotics are indicated. This is an update of a review first published in 2010, and updated in 2013, 2016, and 2021. Objectives: To assess the
