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Laminin α2 chain-deficient muscular dystrophy, or LAMA2-CMD, is a very severe disease caused by mutations in the LAMA2 gene. Skeletal muscle is the most affected tissue, with patients presenting symptoms such as hypotonia at birth, joint contractures and progressive muscle wasting. Changes in the central nervous system include white matter abnormalities, delayed motor milestones and compromised ac

Energy intensive industries (EIIs), producing the basic materials and products needed in society, contribute significantly to global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Motivated by the fear of carbon leakage, climate policy has so far treated the EIIs leniently with e.g. low carbon prices and/or free allocation of emission allowances. This has not resulted in more than marginal emission abatemeEnergy intensive industries (EIIs), producing the basic materials and products needed in society, contributesignificantly to global emissions of greenhouse gases (GHGs). Motivated by the fear of carbon leakage, climatepolicy has so far treated the EIIs leniently with e.g. low carbon prices and/or free allocation of emissionallowances. This has not resulted in more than marginal emission abatement.

We introduce a memory model for robots that can account for many aspects of an inner world, ranging from object permanence, episodic memory, and planning to imagination and reveries. It is modeled after neurophysiological data and includes parts of the cerebral cortex together with models of arousal systems that are relevant for consciousness. The three central components are an identification net

The need to decrease emissions from the transport sector is getting urgent and public transport can play an important role in the transition to low emission fuels. To a large extent, public transport in Europe is provided by regional authorities who controls the traffic to a varying degree, from complete public monopoly to competitive tendering. Therefore, the aim of this paper is to analyse how t

Pain and depressive symptoms are common reasons for adolescents to contact the school nurse. The aim was to describe the prevalence of pain (headache, abdominal pain, and back pain) and depressive symptoms among adolescents and to examine whether there is an association between pain and depressive symptoms. This cross-sectional survey included students (N = 639) in Sweden (median age: 16 years). O

A series of 3-triazole-thiogalactosides and 3,3′-triazole-thiodigalactosides substituted with different five-membered heterocycles at the C-4 triazole position were found to have high selectivity for galectin-1. Initial studies on the 3-triazole-thiogalactosides indicated that five membered heterocycles in general gave increased affinity for galectin-1 and improved selectivity over galectin-3. The

Living labs for sustainability, low carbon and smart cities that have emerged in Europe have different goals and ways of working, they are initiated by various actors, and they form different types of partnerships. There is clearly no uniform definition of living labs. Some scholars and organisations define them as partnerships between sectors (often between public, private and people) where unive

Industrial processes currently account for a significant share (25–35 %) of the world’s total energy demand and related emis- sions. During recent years, the amount of low-carbon electric- ity from renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar) has increased continuously. There is therefore an increasing inter- est in electrification of industrial processes in order to achieve long-term decarboIndustrial processes currently account for a signifcant share (25–35 %) of the world’s total energy demand and related emissions. During recent years, the amount of low-carbon electricity from renewable energy sources (such as wind and solar) has increased continuously. Tere is therefore an increasing interestin electrifcation of industrial processes in order to achieve long-term decarbonisation g

All cities face a pressing challenge - how can they provide economic prosperity and social cohesion while achieving environmental sustainability? In response, new collaborations are emerging in the form of “urban living labs” (ULL) - sites devised to design, test and learn from social and technical innovation in real time. ULL are proliferating rapidly across cities internationally as one means th

This book has sought to advance the theorisation of the interface between experimentation, socio-technical transitions and the city, through an internationally comparative empirical analysis of ULL. This has been structured through three core elements. First, through a set of conceptually informed empirical case studies from Africa, Asia, Europe and North America, based on original empirical work

All cities face a pressing challenge - how can they provide economic prosperity and social cohesion while achieving environmental sustainability? In response, new collaborations are emerging in the form of urban living labs - sites devised to design, test and learn from social and technical innovation in real time. The aim of this volume is to examine, inform and advance the governance of sustaina

The time domain version of the optical theorem is discussed. The theorem is derived from the optical theorem in the frequency domain by the Parseval’s relation. It expresses the sum of the scattered and absorbed energies in terms of the scattered farfield in the forward direction. From the theorem, causality, and reciprocity a number of results concerning the scattered and absorbed energies from a

The survival and growth of intrahippocampal septal suspension grafts were investigated by acetylcholine esterase (AChE) histochemistry in animals with lesions of the intrinsic septohippocampal cholinergic pathways. AChE was demonstrable in the grafts after the first postoperative week, and AChE-positive fibres were seen to extend into the host hippocampus by 3 weeks. Rapid fibre outgrowth occurred

Religious argumentation is sometimes supposed to be different from other kinds of argumentation. George Kennedy for example mentions a radical Christian rhetoric in which the message is proclaimed rather than argued, but in my study of Paul’s first letter to the Corinthians I have found deliberate argumentation. This argumentation can be analyzed with Toulmin’s model of argumentation. The warrants