Evaluation of the adsorptive behaviour of kraft black liquor on nanofiltration model membrane surfaces via quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation monitoring (QCM-D)
Membrane filtration of kraft black liquor (KBL), a side-stream of the pulp and paper industry, is challenged by membrane fouling caused by its multicomponent complexity. The specific contributions of the components found in KBL to the fouling and the characteristics of the fouling layer that they create has not been investigated. Herein, the adsorptive and desorptive behaviours of KBL ultrafiltrat