BACKGROUND: The aim of this paper is to investigate the causality of the inverse association between cigarette smoking and Parkinson's disease (PD). The main suggested alternatives include a delaying effect of smoking, reverse causality or an unmeasured confounding related to a low-risk-taking personality trait. METHODS: A total of 715 incident PD cases were ascertained in a cohort of 220 494 indi

During the last decade, building in wood has increased, mainly due to environmental awareness and targets to decrease the carbon footprint originated from the production of building materials. New technologies such as CLT (cross laminated timber) have accelerated the construction of multi-story wooden buildings. The CLT structure has been used both for housing and offices. Due to the extensive siz

A new generation of N-heterocyclic carbene palladium(II) complexes containing vinyl groups in different positions in the backbone of the N-heterocycle have been developed. The fully characterised monomers were copolymerised with divinylbenzene to fabricate robust polymer supported NHC-PdII complexes and these polymers were applied as heterogeneous catalysts in directed C-H halogenation of arenes w

The Aim of this research is to analyze how the socio-demographic characteristics of users of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM) in Serbia influence and impact their consumption of OTC drugs. Respondents and methods: The study employed the third edition of the National Health Survey of the Republic of Serbia, published in 2013, as a data source covering the Serbian population. The sample

1,9-Nonanedioic acid is one of the valuable building blocks for producing polyesters and polyamides. Thereby, whole-cell biosynthesis of 1,9-nonanedioic acid from oleic acid has been investigated. A recombinant Corynebacterium glutamicum, expressing the alcohol/aldehyde dehydrogenases (ChnDE) of Acinetobacter sp. NCIMB 9871, was constructed and used for the production of 1,9-nonanedioic acid from

In this paper, computation fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are performed to describe the effect of in-cylinder flow structures on the formation and oxidation of soot in a swirl-supported light-duty diesel engine. The focus of the paper is on the effect of swirl motion and injection pressure on late cycle soot oxidation. The structure of the flow at different swirl numbers is studied to investigat

Background: Severe inflammatory airway diseases are associated with inflammation that does not resolve, leading to structural changes and an overall environment primed for exacerbations. Objective: We sought to identify and inhibit pathways that perpetuate this heightened inflammatory state because this could lead to therapies that allow for a more quiescent lung that is less predisposed to sympto

Restraint stresses appear in structural parts which are prevented from adjusting their shape when subjected to e.g. shrinkage or thermal actions. If the restrained stresses are large, cracking might occur, which can affect the durability of the structure. In the case of restraint effects, the reinforcement required in a bridge to limit the crack widths can be difficult to determine, as the magnitu

We study two-dimensional eigenvalue ensembles close to certain types of singular points in the interior of the droplet. We prove existence of a microscopic density which quickly approaches the equilibrium density, as the distance from the singularity increases beyond the microscopic scale. This kind of asymptotic is used to analyze normal matrix models in [3]. In addition, we obtain here asymptoti

Following intense research efforts, modulation of the immune system has finally proved to be a viable approach for treating malignant disease. Recently, chimeric antigen receptor redirected T cells have achieved promising outcomes in patients with B-cell malignancies and they are currently also being investigated in other haematological malignancies, solid tumours and viral infections. Compared wi

Aim: Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is the most common diagnosis within child- and adolescent psychiatry. Waiting lists and delayed care are major issues. The aim was to evaluate if standardized care (SC) for assessment and treatment of uncomplicated ADHD would reduce resource utilization and increase satisfaction with preserved improvement within the first year of treatment. Meth

We present a new algorithm for solving the LPN problem. The algorithm has a similar form as some previous methods, but includes a new key step that makes use of approximations of random words to a nearest codeword in a linear code. It outperforms previous methods for many parameter choices. In particular, we can now solve the (512,18) LPN instance with complexity less than 2 80 operations in expec

A dominating set of a graph G is a set D⊆ VG such that every vertex in VG- D is adjacent to at least one vertex in D, and the domination number γ(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a dominating set of G. A set C⊆ VG is a covering set of G if every edge of G has at least one vertex in C. The covering number β(G) of G is the minimum cardinality of a covering set of G. The set of connected graphs

The scientific debate following the initial formulation of the “bad luck” hypothesis in cancer development highlighted how measures based on analysis of variance are inappropriately used for risk communication. The notion of “explained” variance is not only used to quantify randomness, but also to quantify genetic and environmental contribution to disease in heritability coefficients. In this pape

Erlotinib (Tarceva) targets the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), which is commonly overexpressed in human cancers, including lung cancer. We show that erlotinib can be labeled with [(11)C] by reacting the normethyl precursor with [(11)C]-methyl iodide. By using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide proliferation assay, two lung cancer cell lines (A549 and NCI358)

Partially premixed combustion (PPC) is one of several advanced combustion concepts for the conventional diesel engine. PPC uses a separation between end of fuel injection and start of combustion, also called ignition dwell, to increase the mixing of fuel and oxidizer. This has been shown to be beneficial for simultaneously reducing harmful emissions and fuel consumption. The ignition dwell can be