The concept of a very limited effective period for prophylactic antibiotic action was challenged in a prospective, controlled and randomized study featuring a simplified method for assessing the degree of contamination in the operative field during colorectal surgery. The 226 patients were given 1 g metronidazole IV on induction of anaesthesia and 12 h postoperatively. Following standardized salin

Background: Cadmium (Cd) can cause renal damage and osteoporosis after high-level exposure. Recently such effects, including increased urinary excretion of calcium, have been shown also at low-level exposure, as measured by Cd in blood or urine. However, associations with kidney Cd have not been examined. The aim of this study was to explore the relation between kidney Cd and urinary calcium excre

Aims: The aims were to estimate the diagnostic sensitivity and specificity of autoantibodies to tissue transglutaminase (IgA- and IgG-tTG), gliadin (AGA) and endomysium (EMA) in relation to human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-DQB1 alleles to identify silent celiac disease at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes. Methods: IgA- and IgG-tTG were measured in radioligand binding assays in 165 type 1 diabetic patien

Prey densities often show fluctuating patterns over various timescales. Focusing on short-term, within-generation fluctuating patterns of local prey availability, we suggest that prey that show synchronized and high-amplitude fluctuations in availability experience decreased risks of predation, but also enhance the maintenance of predator interference hierarchies by affecting the relative foraging

Kristen svensk mission i Indien under 1800-tal och tidigt 1900-tal av familjen Blomstrand. Familjekorrespondens mellan Indien och Sverige.

Popular Abstract in Swedish Epigenetik handlar om hur avläsning av informationen i arvsmassan kan styras och nedärvas mellan cellgenerationer. Förmågan att kunna ändra genuttrycksmönster som svar på signaler från omgivningen och sedan bibehålla dessa genom efterföljande celldelningar ligger till grund för korrekt funktion av vävnaderna och organen som våra kroppar är uppbyggda av. Samtliga sjukdomPrecise spatial and temporal regulation of gene expression programs is a prerequisite for multicellular life. Since the discovery of DNA as the carrier of genetic information, a key question in biology has been how these hard coded instructions are read and regulated to maintain cellular and organismal homeostasis. Understanding the mechanisms and processes governing gene and genome regulation are

Background: Surgery under cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is still associated with significant cardiovascular morbidity in both pediatric and adult patients but the mechanisms are not fully understood. Abnormalities in coronary flow and function have been suggested to play an important role. Prior studies suggest protective effects on coronary and myocardial function by short intravenous (i.v.) infus

Microscopic colitis (MC) induces gastrointestinal symptoms, which are partly overlapping with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS), predominately in middle-aged and elderly women. The etiology is unknown, but association with smoking has been found. The aim of this study was to examine whether the increased risk for smokers to develop MC is a true association, or rather the result of confounding factors

Motivation: Multimillion-probe microarrays allow detection of gains and losses of chromosomal material at unprecedented resolution. However, the data generated by these arrays are several-fold larger than data from earlier platforms, creating a need for efficient analysis tools that scale robustly with data size. Results: We developed a new aberration caller, Ultrasome, that delineates genomic cha

Increased concentration of activated protein C (APC) has been observed in patients with thromboembolic disorders, but whether the level of APC in patients with bleeding disorders is decreased remains unknown. Seventy patients with haemophilia A or B with mild, moderate or severe form were studied. Detailed information on bleeding, arthropathy and factor consumption was collected during a 10-year p

We report the results of experimental and theoretical investigations of the two-color, two-photon ionization of Ar atoms, using femtosecond pulses of infrared laser radiation in combination with its extreme-ultraviolet harmonics. It is shown that the intensities of the photoelectron lines resulting from the absorption of photons from both fields strongly depend both on the respective phases of the

We report on the mechanism of growth of mesoporous silica (SBA-15, plane group p6m). In situ studies of the formation using ultrasmall angle X-ray scattering (USAXS) and small-angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) covering length scales from 5 to 10 000 A, complemented with UV-vis and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), provide unique data on particle growth coupled with information regarding the prog

The Dalby Gospel Book, dating from the eleventh century, is the oldest preserved complete manuscript with a medieval Scandinavian provenance, and has rightly been considered a document of great historical importance. Local patriotism has coloured its attribution by scholars to Dalby, with arguments presupposing judgemental quality assessments, questionable Anglo-Saxon parallells and alleged scriba

Background: The relationship between plasma markers of inflammation and the incidence of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is still unclear. This population-based study explored whether raised levels of five inflammation-sensitive plasma proteins (ISPs) predicted hospital admissions for COPD during 25 years of follow-up. Methods: Spirometric tests and measurements of five ISPs (fibrinog

Genital warts are caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). HPV is a leading cause of anogenital malignancies and a role of HPV in the aetiology of oro-pharyngeal cancers has been demonstrated. The frequency of oral HPV infection in patients with genital warts and the association between concomitant genital, anal and oral infection is unclear. A total of 201 men and women with genital wart-like lesion

We carried out a multistage genome-wide association study of type 2 diabetes mellitus in Japanese individuals, with a total of 1,612 cases and 1,424 controls and 100,000 SNPs. The most significant association was obtained with SNPs in KCNQ1, and dense mapping within the gene revealed that rs2237892 in intron 15 showed the lowest P value (6.7 x 10(-13), odds ratio (OR) = 1.49). The association of K

The clinical correlations and significance of subnormal CD4 levels in HIV-negative patients with TB are unclear. We have determined CD4 cell levels longitudinally during anti-tuberculosis treatment (ATT) in patients, with and without HIV co-infection, and their associations with clinical variables.

Background: This phase II study evaluated the safety and activity of ipilimumab, a fully human mAb that blocks cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen-4, in patients with advanced melanoma. Patients and methods: Patients with previously treated, unresectable stage III/stage IV melanoma received 10 mg/kg ipilimumab every 3 weeks for four cycles (induction) followed by maintenance therapy every 3 months. The

Addition of a 50 mM mixture of l-arginine and l-glutamic acid (RE) is extensively used to improve protein solubility and stability, although the origin of the effect is not well understood. We present Small Angle X-ray Scattering (SAXS) and Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) results showing that RE induces protein compaction by collapsing flexible loops on the protein core. This is suggested to be a