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This paper examines transaction costs in the institutional zakat system from the open innovation perspective and tries to understand its impact on performance. It attempts to harmonise the concept of transaction costs with the open innovation strategy, especially in the aspect of zakat distribution. A quantitative approach was applied in measuring the performance of zakat distribution, where the d
This paper attempts to analyze the concept of localization and its relationship with the psychological performance of zakat. It argued that localization could produce development opportunities from the management decentralization of supply chain in zakat institution. In this study, localization is treated as the mediator, while property rights of zakat and asset specificity performed as the indepe
Malaysia is one of the most rapidly growing economies in Asia and is blessed with foreign workers inflow to sustain the economic growth process. However, the strong national sentiments among the local community, which harbors ill perception towards the foreign workers, lead to regrettably vague policies concerning foreign workers. As far as this issue is concerned, Malaysia needs to reform the pol
This article analyses human rights discourses and practices in Sweden’s largest victim support and advocacy organisation– Victim Support Sweden. The study is based on the organisation’s national archive and interviews with key representatives. The article shows that Victim Support Sweden has been consistent in what they say and do in relation to human rights. From start it has argued in line with
There have recently been devastating fire incidents related to fire spread over ventilated façades. These incidents indicate gaps in our understanding of the fire behaviour of façades. This thesis takes a bottom-up approach to investigating fire behaviour in materials and elements associated with narrow cavities in modern constructions. Ventilated façade is a construction used as an example in thi
The aim of this study is to investigate how patterns of collaboration and scholarly independence are related to early stage researchers’ development in two multidisciplinary learning environments at a Swedish university. Based on interviews with leaders, supervisors, doctoral students, and post docs, results show how early stage researchers’ development is conditioned by their relative positions i
This paper discusses the experience of teaching William Shakespeare’s plays through performance and staging the plays with university students as part of the learning experience. The learning outcomes are treated in three sections – the first relating the effects of performance on the students’ linguistic proficiency, the second giving a few examples of how the students discover and learn to maste
This is a long-awaited book that contributes to the professional development of doctoral supervisors and provides an indepth perspective on doctoral students’ learning. Well anchored in current research, the authors discuss the organisation of Swedish doctoral education, the supervisor’s professional practice, doctoral students’ learning, and the quality system of this education in Sweden.The conn
Terra firma-forme dermatosis (TFFD), first described by Duncan in 1987, is a relatively common but probably underdiagnosed condition, characterized by a reticular hyperpigmented dirtlike eruption resistant to washing with common soap but typically removed with rubbing with 70% isopropyl alcohol. We present a case of TFFD in an 8-year-old boy with rapid response to 5% salicylic acid in petrolatum o
BACKGROUND: The incidence of skin diseases in children is influenced by hereditary, social, and environmental factors. The objective of this study was to determine the incidence of pediatric dermatoses at a University Hospital in Northern Greece.PATIENTS AND METHODS: We reviewed epidemiologic data of 940 patients, aged 0-18 years, who were referred to the outpatient clinic of a University Hospital
Robustness of distributed routing policies is studied for dynamical flow networks, with respect to adversarial disturbances that reduce the link flow capacities. A dynamical flow network is modeled as a system of ordinary differential equations derived from mass conservation laws on a directed acyclic graph with a single origin-destination pair and a constant inflow at the origin. Routing policies
We consider a family of codes which can be seen both as a special kind of serial turbo codes and as LDPC codes having a parity check matrix which is partly random and partly structured. These codes are linear-time encodable, thanks to the turbo structure, and can be decoded as LDPC codes. We provide an ensemble analysis for the waterfall region, on the line of classical results for serial turbo co
The dry and wet deposition of nitrate, NO3−, and ammonium, NH4+, were estimated for Norway spruce forests at ten monitoring sites across Sweden for the years 2014–2017. The particulate dry deposition was estimated based on measurements using Teflon string samplers as surrogate surfaces, in combination with the net throughfall deposition for sodium (throughfall subtracted with wet deposition). The
Monte Carlo ray tracing offers the capability of rendering scenes with large numbers of area light sources---lights can be sampled stochastically and shadowing can be accounted for by tracing rays, rather than using shadow maps or other rasterization-based techniques that do not scale to many lights or work well with area lights. Current GPUs only afford the capability of tracing a few rays per pi
The failure of key EU Member States to respect the provi- sions of the Stability and Growth Pact (SGP) a few years after its inception triggered a heated debate on how to reform the frame- work of fiscal policy coordination in the Economic and Monetary Union (EMU). This paper analyzes 101 reform proposals pre- sented by professional academic and non-academic economists prior to March 2005, when th
