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Extravascular lung water index: Diagnostic accuracy and relation to lung injury and mortality in patients with shock

INTRODUCTION. The diagnosis of acute lung injury may be more robust if more accurate physiological markers can be identified. Extravascular lung water index (EVLWI) may be useful and has been shown to correlate with respiratory function and mortality in patients with sepsis and ARDS. Whether this applies to a wider population, and which index performs best, are unclear. OBJECTIVES. We hypothesized

Activity avoidance, perceived walking difficulties, and use of mobility devices in people with Parkinson's disease

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic progressive neurodegenerative disease that results in functional loss and disability. People with PD have an increased risk of falling, and most of their falls occur while walking. As yet, there is limited knowledge concerning activity avoidance due to perceived risk of falling in people with PD. In order to quantitatively assess perceived walking

Numerical modeling of the coupled feedback between pool fires and their environment

Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) is often used within performance based fire safety engineering and its use has increased as available computational power has increased. However, there is still a need to improve CFD modeling to push it beyond its current usage limitations. Of course such steps must be accompanied by quality assurance by means of validation and verification. In this thesis three

“Commensuration” as analytical framework for studying expanding measuring cultures in social work

“Commensuration” as an analytic framework for studying the expanding measuring culture in social work Teres Hjärpe, PhD, Lund University, School of Social Work, teres.hjarpe@soch.lu.se. My PhD-project in social work deals with measurements and statistics as knowledge base and source for governance of social work activities. Social workers are currently experiencing the measuring and ranking of the

Responses of microbial tolerance to heavy metals along a century-old metal ore pollution gradient in a subarctic birch forest

Heavy metals are some of the most persistent and potent anthropogenic environmental contaminants. Although heavy metals may compromise microbial communities and soil fertility, it is challenging to causally link microbial responses to heavy metals due to various confounding factors, including correlated soil physicochemistry or nutrient availability. A solution is to investigate whether tolerance

Initial oxidation of Cu(100) studied by X-ray photo-electron spectroscopy and density functional theory calculations

Density functional theory calculations and ambient pressure X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy are used to investigate initial oxidation of Cu(100). Surface stability with respect to oxygen coverage is calculated together with O 1s core level shifts. Oxidation of Cu(100) is found to occur via the formation of a p(2 × 2) overlayer (0.25 ML) followed by a reconstructed (22 × 2)R45° -O missing-row (MR)

Mindsets for Sustainability : Exploring the Link Between Mindfulness and Sustainable Climate Adaptation

Growing globalisation and climate change are challenging the sustainability of our societies. It is now clear that climate change and its devastating impacts cannot be resolved by new technology or governance alone. They require a broader, cultural shift. As a result, the role of human beings' ‘inner dimensions’ and related transformations is attracting increased attention from researchers. Recent

Lidar mapping of atmospheric atomic mercury in the Wanshan area, China

A novel mobile laser radar system was used for mapping gaseous atomic mercury (Hg0) atmospheric pollution in the Wanshan district, south of Tongren City, Guizhou Province, China. This area is heavily impacted by legacy mercury from now abandoned mining activities. Differential absorption lidar measurements were supplemented by localized point monitoring using a Lumex RA-915M Zeeman modulation merc

Pool boiling heat transfer of N-pentane on micro/nanostructured surfaces

In the present study, one type of uniformly nanostructured surface (NPDS) was modified by electrophoretic deposition. Two kinds of micro/nanostructured surfaces (FLS1 and FLS2) were fabricated on copper surfaces by femtosecond laser processing. The micro/nanostructured surfaces were further modified by electrophoretic deposition. Afterwards, composite micro/nanostructured surfaces (CS1 and CS2) we

Spillover systems in a telecoupled Anthropocene : typology, methods, and governance for global sustainability

The world has become increasingly telecoupled through distant flows of information, energy, people, organisms, goods, and matter. Recent advances suggest that telecouplings such as trade and species invasion often generate spillover systems with profound effects. To untangle spillover complexity, we make the first attempt to develop a typology of spillover systems based on six criteria: flows from

Organic management and cover crop species steer soil microbial community structure and functionality along with soil organic matter properties

It is well recognized that organic soil management stimulates bacterial biomass and activity and that including cover crops in the rotation increases soil organic matter (SOM). Yet, to date the relative impact of different cover crop species and organic vs. non-organic soil management on soil bacteria and fungi and on SOM quantity and quality remains to be tested. We used a long-term (10 years) fu

Global metal flows in the renewable energy transition : Exploring the effects of substitutes, technological mix and development

This study analysed demand for 12 metals in global climate mitigation scenarios up to 2060 and quantified the impacts on demand of different assumptions on improvements and technological mix. Annual and cumulative demands were compared with reserves and current mining rates. The study results showed that reserves are sufficient to support the total level of solar power, wind power and electric mot

Application of fractal theory in the arrangement of truncated ribs in a rectangular cooling channel (4 : 1) of a turbine blade

Ribs are widely employed in internal cooling passages of turbine blades and other heat transfer equipment to enhance heat transfer by making cooling air flow through internal ribbed passages. From mathematics, a fractal is an abstract object used to simulate naturally occurring objects, which exhibits similar patterns and properties also at smaller scales. The evolving fractal structures of the co

Correlation of anteroseptal ST elevation with myocardial infarction territories through cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging

Background: Anteroseptal ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) is traditionally defined on the electrocardiogram (ECG) by ST elevation (STE) in leads V1-V3, with or without involvement of lead V4. It is commonly taught that such infarcts affect the basal anteroseptal myocardial segment. While there are suggestions in the literature that Q waves limited to V1-V4 represent predominantly apical

Preschool hearing screening in Sweden. An evaluation of current practices and a presentation of new national guidelines

Objectives: As the various regional authorities responsible for health care in Sweden operate independently, no knowledge was available on pre-school hearing screening available to children living in different parts of the country. The aim of this study was to carry out a survey to ascertain how preschool hearing screening was performed in the various regions of Sweden. An objective of the present

Thrombospondin-4 mediates cardiovascular remodelling in angiotensin II-induced hypertension

Thrombospondin 4 (TSP-4) expression is induced in the heart and vasculature under pathological conditions, including myocardial infarction, myocardial pressure overload, and hypertension. TSP-4 is linked to remodelling processes, where it may affect extracellular matrix protein organization. In previous work, we studied the role of TSP-4 in small arteries during hypertension using Ang II-treated T

LL-37-induced human osteoblast cytotoxicity and permeability occurs independently of cellular LL-37 uptake through clathrin-mediated endocytosis

The host defense peptide LL-37 is cytotoxic for bacteria but it has also been reported to reduce host cell viability through an intracellular mechanism. LL-37-evoked cytotoxicity may be involved in the loss of bone tissue in periodontitis which is an inflammatory disease characterized by high concentrations of LL-37 observed locally in the periodontal tissue at the inflammation process. Here, we s

Reply to Caetano-Anollés et al. comment on “Empirical genome evolution models root the tree of life”

We recently analyzed the robustness of competing evolution models developed to identify the root of the Tree of Life: 1) An empirical Sankoff parsimony (ESP) model (Harish and Kurland, 2017), which is a nonstationary and directional evolution model; and 2) An a priori ancestor (APA) model (Kim and Caetano-Anollés, 2011) that is a stationary and reversible evolution model. Both Bayesian model selec