Exhaled breath particles as a diagnostic tool for bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome in lung transplant recipients: a longitudinal study
Background: Long-term survival after lung transplantation is significantly shorter compared with other solid organ transplantations. Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD), including bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS), remains the major barrier to survival. CLAD is diagnosed according to ISHLT's guidelines: a 20% drop in FEV1 using spirometry for CLAD grade 1. Given the difficulties of con
