Chemo-enzymatic epoxidation of oleic acid (OA) and its methyl ester has been performed using hydrogen peroxide and immobilized lipase from Candida antarctica (Novozym(R) 435). The purpose of the study was to characterize the reaction under solvent-free conditions. The reaction temperature had a significant impact on epoxidation of OA. At lower temperatures, the substrate conversion was hindered by

The authors show a magnetoresistive effect that appears in a lithographically shaped, three-arm nanostructure fabricated from ferromagnetic (Ga,Mn)As layers. The effect, related to a rearrangement of magnetic domain walls between different pairs of arms in the structure, is revealed as a dependence of zero-field resistance on the direction of the previously applied magnetic field. This effect coul

This study investigates whether intravitreal administration of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) enhances survival of NeuN positive retinal cells in a porcine model of retinal ischemia. 16 pigs were subjected to an ischemic insult where intraocular pressure was maintained at 5 mmHg below mean arterial blood pressure for 2 h. The mean IOP during the ischemic insult was 79.5 mmHg (s

1 In a calcareous dry grassland community in central Europe genets of the clonal sedge Carex humilis form very distinct rings of densely aggregated ramets. As genet growth form is generated by ramet population dynamics, ramet demography must be studied in order to understand how rings develop. We analysed how ramet demography in C. humilis depends on ramet position within the ring and how this is

In this article it is shown how the tuning of a loop is used to commission a closed-loop performance monitoring method. The extended prediction horizon index is used to monitor disturbance rejection properties expressed with the impulse response. The impulse response is obtained from the tuning of the loop. All parameters of the monitoring method are set by using the impulse response. The presente

The influence of pH on the growth and assimilation of N-15-labelled ammonium and nitrate was studied in intact ectomycorrhizal systems consisting of Betula pendula Roth and Picea abies (L.) Karst. colonized with a common mycelium of Paxillus involutus (Batsch) Fr. The plants were grown together in Plexiglass observation chambers containing non-sterile peat with three different pH values, 4.0, 5.1

For photon fields, separate dose distribution kernels have been generated for charged particles produced in the first interaction, for single and multiple scattered photons, including bremsstrahlung and annihilation. These kernels are applied in absorbed dose calculations for radiotherapy treatment planning using a convolution technique. The vast amount of kernel data required for 3D calculations

Adsorption of Co(II) at the aqueous interfaces of ZnO and ZnS (wurtzite) has been studied by classical wet-chemical methods, and the structure and composition of Co adsorption complexes at these interfaces have been determined by in-situ X-ray absorption fine structure (XAFS) spectroscopy. On both adsorbents, adsorption as a function of pH shows the normal behavior, i.e., a pronounced adsorption w

Occasionally anaesthesiologists find themselves in situations where ventilation during intubation with a fibreoptic bronchoscope (FOB) is desirable. In order to ventilate the patient during the FOB intubation, we used a 90 degree angle swivel connector, normally used for fibreoptic bronchoscopia in an intubated patient. After a nasotracheal tube is placed with the tip in the oropharynx, ventilatio

Type 1 diabetes in Sardinia is very common in children, and we hypothesized that Latent Autoimmune Diabetes of Adult (LADA) might constitute a significant proportion of diabetes in adult Sardinian subjects. Since Type 2 diabetes is a familial disorder, we tested this hypothesis by investigating the prevalence of GAD65 and IA-2 autoantibodies (Ab) in Type 2 diabetes multiplex families of Sardinian

The authors compared how four indexes-the Healthy Eating Index-2005, Alternate Healthy Eating Index, Mediterranean Diet Score, and Recommended Food Score-are associated with colorectal cancer in the National Institutes of Health-AARP Diet and Health Study (n = 492,382). To calculate each score, they merged data from a 124-item food frequency questionnaire completed at study entry (1995-1996) with

A generalized form of viscoplasticity is proposed, within a thermodynamic concept. The theory developed is based on an expansion of the dissipation inequality, where additional quantities are introduced. These quantities are obtained by an additive split of the conjugated thermodynamic forces. Additional potential functions that depend on these quantities can be introduced, which enables one to ac

Song complexity is often regarded as a sexually selected trait that reflects the overall quality of a male. In many passerine species, old males possess larger song repertoires than younger males. This may be either because individual males improve their performance as they get older (longitudinal increase) or because poor singers have reduced viability and, hence, are underrepresented in old age

A 62-year-old man suffered out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and was treated with mechanical compression-decompress ion during transport to the hospital. In the emergency department, 28 min after cardiac arrest, spontaneous circulation returned briefly but the patient rapidly became asystolic and mechanical compression-decompression was again applied. After further resuscitation a spontaneous circula

This article discusses the currently used methodologies for monitoring exocytosis as changes in cell capacitance. Details are given on composition of solutions, experimental protocols, and how the observed responses can be interpreted physiologically. The concepts are illustrated by examples from our own work on insulin-releasing pancreatic P-cells. Finally, we consider the feasibility of applying

In precision hard turning, a remaining problem is to minimise tool wear to maintain the accuracy of geometry and surface finish. Tool wear not only directly reduces the part geometry accuracy but also increases cutting forces drastically. The change in the cutting forces also causes instability in the tool motion, which results in more inaccuracy. PCBN cutting tools are often used in hard turning.

The impeller speed, the loss-on-drying of starch, and the added amount of water significantly influenced these response variables: granule fractions of less than 0.150 mm and more than 2.00 mm; and granule median diameter. The influence of the drug concentration on the response variables was less important. All the response variables showed significant interactions. At a fixed impeller speed, the

The effects of atmospheric processing on soot particle morphology were studied in the laboratory using the Differential Mobility Analyzer-Aerosol Particle Mass Analyzer (DMA-APM) and the DMA-DMA (Tandem DMA) techniques. To simulate atmospheric processing, combustion soot agglomerates were altered by sulphuric acid vapor condensation, relative humidity (RH) cycling, and evaporation of the sulphuric