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We present a simple dry release technique which uses a thin fluorocarbon film for efficient removal of plastic microdevices from a mould or a handling substrate by reducing the adhesion between the two. This fluorocarbon film is deposited on the substrate in an advanced Si dry etch device utilising the C4F8 passivation plasma. Micromachined polymer chips made of SU-8 are removed from the handling

Identification of incident myocardial infarction (MI) cases in a defined population using hospital discharge data and mortality data in combination has been suggested. This method of case identification was compared to that of use of MI community registers set up in accordance with principles adopted in a World Health Organization collaborative programme. The comparison comprised data for four Swe

The four major autoantigens (IA-2, IA-2 beta, GAD65 and insulin) of type 1 diabetes are all associated with dense core or synaptic vesicles. This raised the possibility that other secretory vesicle-associated proteins might be targets of the autoimmune response in type 1 diabetes. To test this hypothesis 56 proteins, two-thirds of which are associated with secretory vesicles, were prepared by in v

Patterns of feather wear in birds captured in spring have traditionally been analysed to describe the extent of winter moult in long-distance migrants. However, the interpretation of feather wear may be rendered extremely difficult due to long moult periods, by the progress of the season, and by the existence of complex moult patterns. Here, stable isotope analysis is used to determine the origin

Femtosecond time-resolved two-color four-wave mixing is employed to study the ultrafast excited-state relaxation processes in Ru(tbbpy)(3)(+2). The relaxation processes leading to a long-lived thermalized (MLCT)-M-3-state are found to take place on two distinct time-scales. An ultrafast process, which is attributed to intersystem crossing, rapidly depopulating the initially photoexcited (MLCT)-M-1

Both members of the diploid-tetraploid species pair Anthericum ramosum L. and Anthericum liliago L. occur as geographically disjunct isolates on the margins of their northern range in Scandinavia. Variation in floral morphology was studied in 33 populations of A. ramosum from four geographic regions and 25 populations of A. liliago from seven regions in Scandinavia. Tepal shape was characterized w

Molecularly imprinted nanoparticles were prepared using a simple distillation precipitation polymerization method. In this work, propranolol-imprinted nanoparticles were synthesized using different cross-linkers combined with methacrylic acid (MAA) as a functional monomer in refluxing acetonitrile. Using the new synthetic method, uniform prorpanolol-imprinted nanoparticles were obtained in less th

The novel promoter system IX/AgOTf (X = Cl or Br) has been evaluated in the synthesis of two bislactam analogues of GD3. We have carried out two high-yielding galactosylations in 97% and 98% yield, respectively, using ICl/AgOTf, and four sialylations in 93%, 59%, 40%, and 44% yield, using IBr/AgOTf, The choice of interhalogen (IX) is determined by the donor type used in the glycosylation. We also

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are important in the immune defense against invading pathogens, but they are also key molecules in the regulation of inflammatory reactions. Low levels of ROS production due to a polymorphism in the neutrophil cytosolic factor 1 (Ncf1) gene are associated with autoimmunity and arthritis severity in mouse models induced with adjuvant. We established an adjuvant-free ar

This thesis considers whether the OECD’s HTVI approach is compatible with the EU fundamental freedoms. Its conclusions are of relevance to EU Member States who have implemented, or are looking to implement, the HTVI approach as part of a national transfer pricing regime. Because it is incompatible with the ALP as promulgated by the OECD, the HTVI approach cannot be declared compatible with the fu

For preventing economic double taxation and neutralization of choice between direct and indirect investments, states might grant domestic funds certain tax advantages while not extending it to non-residents, which possibly result in international double taxation. This issue arises mostly because of the different features of the investment funds. Such as their legal form, tax treatment, regulatory

År 1997 införde Sverige en särlagstiftning gällande rätten till internationellt skydd undan förföljelse där syftet var att stärka kvinnors skydd mot förföljelse. Som grund för skapandet av denna särlagstiftning låg proposition 1996/97:25, svensk migrationspoli-tik i globalt perspektiv. Proposition 1996/97:25 är vad som kommer utgöra primär-materialet för denna studie. Denna studie har som syfte

The aim of this essay is to assess whether or not it is compatible with EU law to require foreign investment funds resident in third countries to have the same legal form as Swedish contractual investment funds, in order to be exempt from withholding tax. Swedish contractual investment funds fulfilling certain requirement are tax exempt which resulting in a different treatment if withholding tax i

As modern electronics have started to reach its physical scaling limits, novel architectures and physics is needed to meet future demands. Oxide-based Resistive Random Access Memory (RRAM) is a new emerging technology that uses filament formation and rupture in thin oxides to generate resistive switching. Structure of RRAM devices often use transistors as selector devices. In this work a one-trans

Studien grundar sig i mina egna erfarenheter av hur lärare och elever i gymnasiet påverkade mig i mitt musikerskap och formandet av min musikaliska identitet. Under mina studier på lärarutbildningen och inför min blivande roll som pedagog vill jag fördjupa mina kunskaper om hur elever idag upplever formandet av sin musikaliska identitet. Studien syftar till att undersöka hur sångelever på musikutbThis study is based on my own experiences of how teachers and students in high school affected me in my musicianship and in shaping my musical identity. During my studies in teacher education and before my future role as teacher I want to reach a deeper understanding of how students today experience the creation of their musical identity. This study aims to investigate how song students in high sc

Medicinska behandlingar med antikroppar blir allt vanligare. För att läkemedelsindustrin ska hinna med att producera tillräckligt med antikroppar vill man byta ut den satsvisa produktionen mot en kontinuerlig istället. En kontinuerlig process är inte bara mer effektiv utan också billigare att använda. När man producerar läkemedel, i det här fallet antikroppar, måste man vara säker på att oskadliggThe biopharmaceutical industry is replacing the current batch process with a continuous one and an essential step in the downstream process is the virus inactivation (VI). The challenge with a continuous VI reactor is to generate a narrow residence time distribution (RTD), while ensuring a precise incubation time. In this thesis, two different continuous virus inactivation reactors, the Jig In a B

Väpnade konflikter tvingar ett stort antal människor på flykt varje år. Över 60 miljoner människor beräknas vara på flykt idag på grund av omständigheter utom deras kontroll. Organisationer såsom UNHCR arbetar med att skapa fristäder dit flyktingar kan ta vägen och få sina grundläggande behov tillgodosedda. Under åren har ett större fokus lagts på att erbjuda utbildning och information som ska förArmed conflict displaces a large number of people every year. Today, over 60 million people are estimated to have been forced from their homes because of circumstances beyond their control. Organizations such as UNHCR work to create sanctuaries for them to have their basic needs satisfied. During the years, the focus has expanded and steered towards providing refugees with developmental training a

What are the intangibles and how transactions related to them should be evaluated from a direct and indirect tax perspective is one of the crucial questions of the modern tax systems and business operators. OECD provides a combination of methods and rules that can be applied for direct tax purposes. However, answers to these questions are not easy to find in the European Value Added Tax (VAT) syst

“What discrepancies arise from the incompatible definitions of intangibles for transfer pricing purposes according to the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines 2017 and the U.S. Tax Cuts and Jobs Act, and what are the risks?” The thesis analyses the discrepancies of the different definitions of intangibles in a transfer pricing context, between the OECD Transfer Pricing Guidelines 2017 and the U.S. ta