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Glycosaminoglycans are structurally diverse polysaccharides that play essential roles in cellular signaling, extracellular matrix organization, and disease progression. Despite their biological importance, the mechanisms of GAG biosynthesis remain not fully understood. This thesis aims to advance mechanistic insight into the biosynthetic machinery and to develop chemical tools and inhibitors targe
The cosmogenic radionuclide 36Cl is a valuable tracer for studying Earth system processes, solar variability and geomagnetic field changes. These applications rely on a comprehensive understanding of 36Cl transport and deposition processes, which are still poorly studied. In this study, we apply a state-of-the-art climate model ECHAM6.3-HAM2.3 to investigate the source distribution and deposition
Matrix gamma distributions are among the most important matrix-variate laws in multivariate statistical analysis, as they encompass the Wishart distributions – the sample covariance distributions under Gaussianity – and provide a natural model for random covariances in Bayesian multivariate methods. A substantial body of literature explores this class of distributions, traditionally characterized
A numerical scheme is presented for solving the Helmholtz equation with Dirichlet or Neumann boundary conditions on piecewise smooth open curves, where the curves may have corners and multiple junctions. Existing integral equation methods for smooth open curves rely on analyzing the exact singularities of the density at endpoints for associated integral operators, explicitly extracting these singu
Objective: A diagnosis of childhood cancer is profoundly devastating for families, with well-recognized effects on parental mental health. However, its impact on parental somatic health remains poorly understood, particularly regarding potential long-term cumulative burden. These persistent somatic diseases require frequent clinic visits for ongoing management and adversely affect parents' quality
This thesis explores the role of the architect in the construction process. The project involves designing, projecting, and constructing a 30-square-meter Attefall house in accordance with Swedish building regulations, where the architect assumes full responsibility from concept to completed building. By combining design and construction, the study investigates how the architect’s direct involveme
Bakgrund: Med utgångspunkt i mödrahälsovårdens basprogram avgör barnmorskan vad och hur information ska delges under föräldrautbildningen på barnmorskemottagningen. Barnmorskan ska i sitt arbete tillhandahålla evidensbaserad information för att främja gravida kvinnors möjlighet till delaktighet och informerade val. Det finns idag en trend som talar för frångående av den medikaliserade förlossnings
The fast development of generative artificial intelligence (“AI”) services—such as ChatGPT, Midjourney, Dall-E—have within a short period of time gained immense uptake and popularity. At the same time, such services have given rise to fundamental challenges from a copyright perspective. Court proceedings have been initiated in many jurisdictions on the compatibility of such services with copyright
This study systematically investigates the passivation and dissolution mechanisms of TC4 (Ti-6Al-4V) in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution using in situ electrochemical atomic force microscopy (ECAFM), complemented by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS). Potentiodynamic polarization initially identified the electrochemical behavior of TC4, delineating passive, dissolv
Antennae, the primary sensory organs of insects, contain numerous sensilla responsible for detecting chemical and physical stimuli essential for host location, communication, and orientation. Although the antennal sensilla of many insect groups—including Gelechiidae—have been well characterized, no such descriptions exist for Anacampsis phytomiella (Busck, 1914), a pest that exclusively infests ca
This study examined the role of a daytime nap in the consolidation and generalization of fear learning. 31 healthy, young adult participants (16 in the wake group and 15 in the sleep group) underwent a fear acquisition procedure in which the conditioned stimulus (CS+), a composite image consisting of a geometrical figure imposed on a background, was repeatedly paired with a mild electric shock. Th
Polystyrene micro- and nanoplastics (PS-MNPs) are emerging environmental pollutants with potential implications for human health. This study investigated the cytotoxic effects of PS particles by using two different sizes of PS-MNPs (0.25 µm and 1 µm) on non-small cell lung cancer (A549, H460), small cell lung cancer (DMS53, H372), and normal lung epithelial (BEAS-2B) cells as well as on human-deri
This article explores how public transportation workers and passengers conceptually can be brought together. This is well worth discussing because of how these two positions are interconnected and simultaneously impacted by how public transportation is organized and operated. This applies to for example increased efficiency measures and digitalization, possibly well received by some passengers whi
This dataset presents a comprehensive collection of microscopic images, infrared (IR) spectra of particles obtained from beach sediment in Tioman Island, Malaysia. Sediment samples were collected from multiple sites across three selected beaches to identify material composition and assess the concentration of plastic particles, including both microplastics (<5 mm) and macroplastics (>5 mm), in the
A complication in the treatment of any strongly charged particle is the SU(3) color structure. For the standard model quarks, antiquarks and gluons there are various well-known strategies for dealing with the color structure, including orthogonal multiplet bases. For exotic representations, beyond triplets, antitriplets and octets, non-orthogonal bases have been systematically worked out only rece
Background: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is shaped by a complex tumor immune microenvironment in which inflammatory mediators like cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and immune checkpoints such as programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-L1) play central regulatory roles. However, the prognostic significance of these makers, individually and in combination with T-cell infiltration, remains poorly defined.Methods: We i
