Gängkriminaliteten har under det senaste decenniet ökat i Sverige och hårdare tag har efterfrågats. Tidöavtalet anger att det är av högsta vikt att bekämpa gängkriminaliteten i Sverige och i början på 2023 lämnade regeringen in en proposition till riksdagen som bland annat föreslog straffskärpningar för vissa straffskalor för brottstyper som är vanliga inom kriminella nätverk. Enligt propositionenThe past decade has witnessed a rise in gang-related violence and crime in Sweden, which has caused a debate prompting calls for more stringent measures. In early 2023, the government submitted a proposition to the parliament which included proposals for stricter penalties för certain crime categories commonly associated with criminal networks. According to the proposition, increased penalty scale

Understanding foreign policy changes has been an important part of academic research for decades. During the Cold War, when national security was at its most uncertain, we saw a focus on recognizing the patterns that could lead to changes in how a state approaches their foreign policy. In 2018 Imran Khan was elected prime minister in Pakistan along with his party Pakistan Tehreek-E-Insaf. Along ca

This thesis examines the intersection of economic democracy and environmental sustainability in the agricultural sector, using the Danish agricultural co-operative Andelsgaarde as a case study. Employing the theoretical framework of economic democracy, as described by Dahl (1985), Archer (1995), and Malleson (2012), the study analyses Andelsgaarde's approach towards realising its environmental

Plast är ett material som vi alla stöter på i vår vardag. Du kommer ha svårt att inte stöta på plast åtskilliga gånger under dagen i vårt moderna samhälle och efterfrågan för plast runt jorden ökar år efter år. Problemet är att när vi behöver slänga vårt plastavfall så är återvinnigsmöjligheterna idag inte så stora globalt sett. Mycket hamnar i naturen och i havet vilket är hemskt för miljö och etPlastic recycling is a very relevant topic from both environmental and economic viewpoints. Chemical plastic recycling is a logical solution to the plastic problems, which shows the potential to reduce plastic waste and carbon emissions from burning the plastics. One strategy of chemically recycling plastic is to incorporate sensitive bonds into polymer chains, which can be selectively degraded u

Sedan den 24 februari 2022 har Europeiska unionen stått inför ett konventionellt krig på sin tröskel och en ökad geopolitisk spänning från öst. Detta har krävt av Rådet att agera snabbt och kraftfullt inom ramen för sin kompetens för den gemensamma utrikes- och säkerhetspolitiken. För att motverka Rysslands aggression har rådet utfärdat omfattande sanktionspaket som aldrig tidigare har använts i sSince 24 February 2022, the European Union has faced a conventional war on its doorstep and an increase in geopolitical tension with the East. This has required the Council to act quickly and forcefully within its competence in the area of Common Foreign and Security Policy. To counteract the adverse geopolitical actions the Council has issued sanctions packages which have never been utilized befo

Depression has recently been highlighted across OECD countries as a public health crisis in need of immediate action. Unfortunately, the most popularized public policy solutions focus on individual biomedical or psychosocial interventions. This thesis draws from a theory on economic determinants of mental health to explore if within-country increases in social protection policy expenditure levels

Discussions about changing the focus of assessing development progress from economic output to human well-being have sparked a rise in interest in the social sciences' research on subjective well- being in recent years. Such a transition necessitates investigating subjective well-being, its determinants, and how they interact with one another. Previous studies show ambiguity in describing the

The aim of this thesis is to contribute to highlighting how economic environmental and climate ideas are expressed in the Secretariat of the World Trade Organization and to compare this with how they are expressed in other international organisations. In the article The evolution of ideas in global climate policy, Jonas Meckling and Bentley B. Allan map the evolution of economic environmental and

Democracy is both a question of who the people are (demos) and how they rule (kratos); our understanding of democracy is imbalanced in favour of the latter. The aim of this thesis is to conduct a pilot project evaluating and comparing the level of democracy from a demos perspective through an index. The findings of a research review establishes the theoretical foundation of the index, which is the

Although extensively advertised as a positive practice that enhances students’ intercultural competencies, internship programs have been increasingly criticised for reinforcing simplistic understandings of global development. Often involving students from the Global North engaging in placements with development organisations and institutions in the Global South, these programs perpetuate dynamics

As climate change is becoming more of a concern for people, the number of issues considered to be related to environmental politics are also increasing. One of the most debated issues concerning environmental policy in Sweden is forestry, where the debate is torn between those concerned about cherishing the landowner’s property rights and those arguing that the forest is a shared responsibility an

This thesis is a comparative case study of the Norwegian and Swedish Sami communities' power in the licensing process for wind turbines on their land. The study aims to identify the Norwegian and Swedish Sami communities' power and whether it differs between the two countries. Robert Dahl's theory about power and influence is employed to approach the question. Based on Dahl's three

The aim of this study is to gain a greater understanding of citizen participation in Lund’s municipality. Lund municipality have based their model of participation on Sveriges kommuner och regioner’s (SKR) model of citizen participation which is derived from Arnstein’s model of citizen participation (also known as Arnstein’s ladder of citizen participation). To analyze the implementation of the ci

This dissertation addresses the uncertain future of the European Union’s development cooperation with Sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) against the backdrop of officializing the successor of the Cotonou Agreement with the African, Caribbean and Pacific (ACP) countries. The ongoing scholarly debate has been attempting to make sense of the EU’s turn to Africa in a novel phase of cooperation, which has thus f

This thesis examines the gender balance in Swedish films through the interaction between same-sex characters in front of the camera and the gender balance in creative key roles behind the camera. By analyzing 11 award winning Swedish films using a measuring tool presented in a study from 2015, the results show that neither Swedish films or Swedish film productions can be considered gender balanced

The purpose of this thesis is to assess the extent to which intergovernmental organisations (IGOs), particularly the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), incorporate intersectionality into their organizational and policy documents in relation to Sexual and reproductive health and rights. A content analysis was conducted on ten key UNFPA documents, consisting of strategic plans, State of the Wor

In this essay, we will examine and partly explain the framing of the European Union by Swedish media. Media coverage of the EU occurs daily; however, it is usually the major news stories that receive media attention, for example security policy and the energy crisis. The everyday work that takes place in the European Parliament, tends to be overshadowed by the media, despite its significant impact

Judith Butler’s gender theory examines gender as a social construct that is created and reproduced by societal structures. Stuart Hall’s representation theory also centers around this idea, but rather concerning how media images both create and are created by a historical, cultural and political context and therefore changes and reproduces a specific way of viewing our society. This thesis, then,

Climate-related security risks (CRSR) have risen on the foreign policy agenda of the European Union (EU). As climate change accelerates, its impacts exacerbate existing social, economic, and environmental challenges within and between communities and increase the likelihood of states experiencing humanitarian crises and conflict. These so-called climate-related security risks (CRSR), or climate-se

On June 24, 2022, Roe v. Wade (1973) was overturned in the case Dobbs v. Jackson Women’s Health Organization (2022). The right to abortion, which was previously protected by the constitution, has been delegated to the states, who now have the power to decide and legislate on the matter. Since the abortion issue has been delegated closer to the people, it is highly relevant to examine how democrati