We present some general estimates of the scattered electromagnetic fields for a general bounded scattering domain in the anisotropic materials setting. In particular, it is shown that the L2-norm and sup-norm of the scattered field in an arbitrary finite exterior domain are bounded by the Hcurl norm of the incident field. Moreover, several estimates of the traces of the scattered field on the boun

The interaction between a cationic surfactant (dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide) and six model proteins adsorbed on to methylated silica and silica surfaces was investigated. The proteins were bovine serum albumin, cytochrome c, β-lactoglobulin, α-lactalbumin, lysozyme and ovalbumin. The adsorption of the proteins at pH 7 and their subsequent removal by surfactant were studied by in situ ellipsome

The adsorption of β-lactoglobulin to stainless steel and its subsequent removal were followed using in situ null ellipsometry. The influence of the surface pretreatment on the protein removal by the surfactant SDS and by sodium hydroxide was studied. All surfaces were precleaned in strongly alkaline solution. Some surfaces received no further pretreatment, while others were either passivated in ni

The effects of protein addition (lysozyme and bovine serum albumin) on surface tension reduction and cloud point of a surfactant (Pentaethyleneglycol Mono n-Dodecyl Ether (C12E5)) were studied. The minimum surface tension was in all cases 27 mN/m but was reached at a higher surfactant concentration for the BSA/ C12E5 solution than for the pure surfactant or the lysozyme/surfactant mixture, indicat

The removal of lysozyme adsorbed to a hydrophobic surface by a non-ionic surfactant, C12E5, was investigated using in situ ellipsometry. Both the adsorption and removal of protein were studied at different protein and surfactant concentrations. The surfaces used were methylated silica surfaces and the experiments were carried out at pH 5.6 in 0.01 M NaCl solution. The adsorption isotherm of lysozyThe removal of lysozyme adsorbed to a hydrophobic surface by a non-ionic surfactant, C12E5, was investigated using in situ ellipsometry. Both the adsorption and removal of protein were studied at different protein and surfactant concentrations. The surfaces used were methylated silica surfaces and the experiments were carried out at pH 5.6 in 0.01 M NaCl solution. The adsorption isotherm of lysozy

The competition between mixtures of fibrinogen and a non-ionic surfactant (C12E5) with respect to adsorption onto a wettability gradient solid surface was studied by the use of ellipsometry. The effects of surface hydrophobicity and surfactant association were investigated. Furthermore the effect of clouding of the surfactant was studied by performing measurements at temperatures above and below t

The effect of net charge and charge location on the adsorption and dodecyltrimethylammonium bromide (DTAB)-mediated elutability of bacteriophage T4 lysozyme was monitored at hydrophilic and hydrophobic silica surfaces with in situ ellipsometry. Mutant lysozymes were produced by substitution of selected lysine residues with glutamic acid, each substitution thus decreasing the net charge of the prot

Starch microspheres were produced by emulsification of a starch dispersion in an aqueous polyethylene glycol (PEG) solution. Crystalline/ordered structure was formed within these starch droplets during incubation at 6 °C for 25 h followed by incubation at 37 °C for 28 h. After incubation at 37 °C the crystalline structure in the samples was of type B. The crystallization process of microspheres wa

Swedish economists have received impulses from historical or institutuionalist sources on many occasions. A couple of these economists, Gunnar Myrdal and Johan Åkerman, received obvious impulses from American institutionalism. This article deals with the case of Åkerman. To attempt a wall-to-wall chart of institutional influences on an economist is hardly possible. But what is possible is to exami

The International Industrial Relations Institute (IRI) was established in 1925 at a congress of welfare and personnel workers in Holland. At first the organisation focused attention on scientific management and industrial relations but during the Great Depression its activities began to centre upon economic planning. The IRI was dominated by Mary van Kleeck from the United States and its radicalis