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It was not until the 1970's, when the claims that lawyers profession fell within the exception of official authority (Article 45 EC) were defeated in the Reyners judgement and the lawyer's profession was held to be within the scope of freedom of establishment. In 1977, the Community legislator adopted a Legal service directive. The directive applies to the lawyers from any Member State whe
Since the 'Danish bottles case', where the protection of the environment was recognized as a mandatory requirement that could derogate from the free movement of goods, the ECJ has taken over an interesting role to map the boundaries of its application. The rank of Community policy and the need of integration explicitly envisaged in the EC, have had a major influence in its judicial interpr
This thesis touches upon the principle of mutual recognition and the conditions for its application on the Framework decision on the European arrest warrant. Framework Decision of 13 June 2002 on the European arrest warrant and the surrender procedures between Member , OJ L 190, 18/07/2002, P 001-0020. This Framework decision was the first third pillar instrument based upon this principle. The Eur
Parallel trade in the pharmaceutical industry is a complicated issue because it has connections with competition law, trade law, and intellectual property law. International exhaustion benefits consumers by promoting price competition. This is an extremely attractive argument. For several years, the parallel trade in pharmaceutical products has been an important issue for the European pharmaceutic
The thesis aims to investigate whether Sweden is able to prosecute Swedish soldiers stationed abroad for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Sweden is currently reforming its armed forces and will continue sending more soldiers to armed conflicts abroad. Sweden is also a state party to the ICC and therefore has an obligation to be the primary actor in prosecution of such crimes with
This thesis analyses the implications from international law concerning the implementation of the principle of public access to official documents. With a view to the current discussion among the member states of the European Union as to the scope of a principle of that kind this thesis will confine itself to an analysis of the implications from international law binding on the member states of th
The supervising organs of the International Labour Organization (ILO) have for decades criticized the Myanmar government for making use of forced labour. In 1996, during the 83rd session of the International Labour Conference, twenty-five worker delegates filed a complaint against Myanmar for violating its obligations under the Forced Labour Convention, and soon after the Governing Body of the ILO
This thesis analyzes blood diamonds and the human rights issues surrounding them. The problems they pose and the promises and limitations of the Kimberly Process are covered along with the development and future impact of man-made diamonds on the demand side of the blood diamond problem. There are two main sections--the first covers blood diamonds and the second man-made diamonds. The introduction
The Master thesis is structured in four parts: Part A International sources - This part examines the international instruments that have had biggest impact on the development of human rights education. It gives an idea about the contents of the right to human rights education and of the respective obligations of the states. It also gives prominence to the crucial role, reiterated in these instrume
This thesis concerns the importance of judicial review system in safeguarding human rights. It examines different review systems on international level, regional level and domestic level. In the second half of the thesis, China, as a specially targeted country, has been examined in better detail of its judicial review system. The aim of this thesis is to, through introduction of, and comparison wi
This work is an analysis of the implementation of the Euro-Mediterranean Partnership and more particularly the negotiation of the association agreements, which aim to improve the conditions for carrying out trade by exploring new areas of cooperation in investment, trade facilitation and the approximation of legislation. This study focuses on the association agreement contracted between the Europe
