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Background: The duration of protection afforded by vaccines represents a critical test of their utility as public health interventions. Some vaccines induce long-term immunity, while others require booster doses. Vaccines that induce long-term protection are usually characterized by the generation of immune memory. Recent trials of a quadrivalent (types 6, 11, 16, 18) human papillomavirus (HPV) va

Purpose - The main purpose is to provide an in-depth understanding of market orientation in retailing and to identify the specific activities that have to be understood and managed in order for a retail firm to become market oriented. Design/methodology/approach - Qualitative studies of six firms in Sweden, Italy and the UK were carried out, including in-depth interviews with retail managers and m

Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common atria[ arrhythmia, has a complex aetiology and causes relevant morbidity and mortality due to different mechanisms, including but not limited to stroke, heart failure, and tachy- or bradyarrhythmia. Current therapeutic options (rate control, rhythm control, antithrombotic therapy, 'upstream therapy') only prevent a part of this burden of disease. New treat

Pristane-induced arthritis (PIA) in rats is an animal model for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). We have previously identified seven quantitative trait loci (QTLs), which regulate arthritis development using a cross between the susceptible DA strain and the resistant E3 strain of rats (Pia2-8). In the present study the inbred rat strain LEW.1F was used as the susceptible strain in a cross with the E3 st

Thirty-three clinical, dairy and industrial isolates of aerobic endospore-forming bacteria which were unreactive in routine identification tests were characterized genotypically by using amplified rDNA restriction analysis (ARDRA), 16S rDNA sequencing and DNA-DNA reassociation, and phenotypically by using fatty acid methyll ester (FAME) analysis, SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins, API Biotype 100 as

The paper attempts to explain the renaissance of Leninism by interpreting the questions that the Left had, to which different versions of Leninism became answers. In order to articulate background questions of the Left, the challenge of the New Left to the general Swedish post.war perspective is described. Two competing historical orientations within the Left and the tensions between related organ

Parkinson\'s Disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative a�iction only surpassed by Alzheimer\'s Disease (AD). Moreover, it is expected to increase in the next decade with accelerating treatment costs as a consequence. This situation leads us towards the need to develop a Decision Support System for PD. In this paper we propose methods based on ANNs and SVMs to aid the specialist in

Molecular mimicry of chemokine ligands has been described for several pathogens. Toxoplasma gondii produces a protein, cyclophilin-18 (C-18), which binds to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-receptor CCR5 and inhibits fusion and infection of T cells and macrophages by R5 viruses but not by X4 viruses. We recently identified structural determinants of C-18 required for anti-HIV activity (Ya

We have studied the formation of different types of cell matrix adhesions in cells that bind to fibronectin via either alpha5beta1 or alphavbeta3. In both cases, cell adhesion to fibronectin leads to a rapid decrease in RhoA activity. However, alpha5beta1 but not alphavbeta3 supports high levels of RhoA activity at later stages of cell spreading, which are associated with a translocation of focal

A subpopulation of neurones in the cerebellar nuclei projects to the inferior olive, the source of the climbing fibre input to the cerebellum. This nucleo-olivary projection follows the zonal and, probably also, the microzonal arrangement of the cerebellum so that closed loops are formed between the neurones in the olive, the cerebellar cortex and the nuclei. The nucleo-olivary pathway is GABAergi

A novel technique that uses polymer nanoparticles as pseudostationary phase in capillary electrochromatography with electrospray ionization mass spectrometry detection is described. A continuous full filling technique in which the nanoparticles were suspended in the entire electrolyte volume as well as a conventional partial filling technique is presented. No nanoparticles entered the mass spectro

Coastal dunefields have developed on the west coast of Jutland in Denmark over the past 5000 years. The dunefields are situated in a temperate climate zone with frequent high energy wind events. Dunefield development was characterized by repeated periods of transgressive dune formation punctuated by periods of dune stabilization and soil formation. The chronology of dunefield evolution is based on

A recirculating terminal pumping system has been installed in the 3 MV Pelletron tandem accelerator in Lund. An extremly limited space in the high voltage terminal and the absence of electrical power in the terminal, forced us to provide a unique design for the installation and powering of the new pumps. Details of the technical design, as well as experience of the use of the new system for accele

Dissociated embryonic ventral mesencephalic tissue is a source of dopaminergic neurones in both cell culture and neural transplantation studies. Around 90% of grafted dopaminergic neurones die within 1 week after transplantation. Little is known about when the cell death is triggered and what forms of cell death predominate. Using electron microscopy, we characterised ultrastructural changes in di

Carnivory in plants is restricted to nutrient-poor and open habitats presumably because of high benefits and/or low costs of carnivory in these conditions. Carnivory is costly because the plants need specific adaptations to capture prey. Drosera rotundifolia produces sticky substances on its leaf surface to catch prey. These substances are primarily carbon-based, and their production can be expect

Curli are surface organelles of Escherichia coli. These fibrous proteins, formed by polymerization of a 15-kDa subunit, are expressed by E. coli strains associated with severe infections in humans. A remarkable property of curli is their ability to interact with a wide range of human proteins, interactions that contribute to the enhanced virulence of curli-expressing E. coli. To define the protein

Using ancient DNA sequences of subfossil European pond turtles (Emys orbicularis) from Britain, Central and North Europe and accelerator mass spectrometry radiocarbon dating for turtle remains from most Swedish sites, we provide evidence for a Holocene range expansion of the pond turtle from the southeastern Balkans into Britain, Central Europe and Scandinavia, according to the 'grasshopper patter

Cationic iron carbonyl cyclohexadiene complexes were employed in the derivatization of the 3-OH position of unprotected and protected methyl beta-D-galactopyranosides using two different approaches, giving access to galactopyranosides with an aromatic or cyclohexadienoic functionality in this position. (c) 2008 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.