Bone mass is maintained by a balance between osteoblast-mediated bone formation and osteoclast-mediated bone resorption. Although recent genetic studies have uncovered various mechanisms that regulate osteoblast differentiation, the molecular basis of osteoblast proliferation remains unclear. Here, using an osteoblast-specific loss-of-function mouse model, we demonstrate that cyclin-dependent kina

Interleukin (IL)-1 family cytokines potently regulate inflammation, with the majority of the IL-1 family proteins being secreted from immune cells via unconventional pathways. In many cases, secretion of IL-1 cytokines appears to be closely coupled to cell death, yet the secretory mechanisms involved remain poorly understood. Here, we studied the secretion of the three best-characterized members o

The need for robust estimates of times of divergence is essential for downstream analyses, yet assessing this robustness is still rare. We generated a time-calibrated genus-level phylogeny of butterflies (Papilionoidea), including 994 taxa, up to 10 gene fragments and an unprecedented set of 12 fossils and 10 host-plant node calibration points. We compared marginal priors and posterior distributio

Cell cycle proteins are mainly expressed by dividing cells. However, it is well established that these molecules play additional non-canonical activities in several cell death contexts. Increasing evidence shows expression of cell cycle regulating proteins in post-mitotic cells, including mature neurons, following neuronal insult. Several cyclin-dependent kinases (Cdks) have already been shown to

The issue of Critical Raw Materials (CRMs) and potential interruptions to their supply andavailability due to concerns such as shortages, trade restrictions or geopolitical considerations are topicsthat are relatively unknown to the general public. Education and the dissemination of this informationamongst the general public has been promoted as a key factor in addressing this and enabling thetran

Granular media (i.e., assemblies of grains, containing voids), such as sand, are highly complex materials, possessing inherently heterogeneous structure and properties that are manifested by the mobility and interaction of their constituent particles. Despite having been widely studied for centuries (i.e., the study of granular media in modern science essentially begins with the work of Charles-Au

Trots dess introduktion under början av 1950-talet används vaskulär impedans ännu inte i klinisk omfattning för att förutsäga tidiga stadier av hjärt-kärlsjukdomar. Definierad som förhållandet mellan blodtryck och blodflöde beskriver vaskulär impedans motståndet mot blodflödet i det vaskulära systemet.Under detta avhandlingsprojekt uppskattades den lokala pulsvåghastigheten (PWV) och vaskulära impDespite its introduction in the early 1950´s, vascular impedance has yet to be applied in clinical use to predict early stages of cardiovascular disease (CVD). It is defined as the ratio between blood pressure and flow and describes the opposition to blood flow within the cardiovascular system.During this thesis project, local pulse wave velocity (PWV) and vascular impedance was estimated from in