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The processes that govern the formation, existence and consumption of ions in gases have been studied both experimentally and theoretically. The aim of the work is targeted at increasing the understanding of these phenomena in the working gases inside an engine. Both the cause and the application of ionized gases inside the cylinder of a spark ignited (SI) engine has been studied. The spark disch
The view of the exchange and trade that took place during the Viking Age has varied considerably. This variation is obvious from a scrutiny of how one and the same place, Birka, is described by different scholars over a period of a hundred years. Two very polarized pictures of Birka appear: A town with a mostly free market-oriented trade or an emporium with an administered commodity exchange contr
The wavelength of x-ray radiation is much shorter than that of visible light. In fact, it is comparable to the distances between atoms in solids, which is on the order of one tenth of a nanometer. Using light of such a short wavelength, it is possible to study the structure of materials on the atom level. Scattering of x-rays has been developed into an invaluable tool to analyze various characteri
The thesis comprises an introductory chapter and four research papers. The introductory chapter provides a brief overview of recent economic growth performance in Africa, places the individual papers into a coherent context, summarizes the main findings, and discusses their relevance for economic policy. The first paper, The Role of Capital Accumulation, Adjustment and Structural Change for Take-
The recombinant DNA techniques have made it possible to produce many different proteins for a wide range of applications. The vector encoding for the recombinant protein is often inserted in the bacterium E. coli as it is a well studied and a well-known organism. To achieve a high productivity, it is important to reach a high cell density. This is obtained through fed-batch operation where the nut
Preparation for radiotherapy is a complex procedure that involves many different technologies and groups of professionals. The rapid development and introduction of new technologies throughout the last decade have made it possible to deliver highly conformal, individually-shaped dose distributions with high accuracy. However, there is widespread concern that current quality assurance practices hav
What are the discursive pre-conditions for planning? In this dissertation the author analyzes and critically assesses the assumptions which underlie our thinking about planning. This is done in an analysis of firstly, how planning is legitimized, and secondly, what consequences these forms of legitimation have for planning theory as well as for planning as a political practice. The author describ
Molecular recognition and interaction is fundamental for the function of biological systems. The properties of the interacting biomolecules dictate the type of forces involved and the strength and dynamics of the interaction. Many interactions are very strong whereas others exhibit weak affinity. Typically, weak interactions work in concert to trigger a biological response. The advantage with thi
The studies presented in Papers I to VI illustrate several different aspects of the impact of vascular plants on methane emissions from northern natural wetlands. The subject has been approached on different scales, ranging from the study of microbial substrates in the vicinity of a single plant root, to an attempt to extrapolate some of the results to the entire northern hemisphere north of 50°N.
The studies presented in this thesis concern the optimisation and evaluation of the dynamic susceptibility contrast magnetic resonance imaging (DSC-MRI) technique for the assessment of perfusion-related parameters of the brain, such as cerebral blood flow (CBF), cerebral blood volume (CBV) and mean transit time (MTT). Several methodological factors influence these measurements, for example, contra
The migratory behaviour of birds has received much scientific interest, though many questions still remain unsolved. One of the reasons for this is the difficulty of following the birds as they move between breeding and wintering localities. Populations may mix on migration and the origin of individual birds is difficult to assess. One way to address this problem may be to develop genetic populati
I min avhandling undersöker jag varierande placering av objekt till verb i svenskans historia. Primärt undersöks placering av nominala objekt visavi negerande adverbial, och sekundärt undersöks placering av nominala objekt visavi andra argument (subjekt och objekt) i huvudsatser. Materialet som ligger till grund för avhandlingen är texter från äldre och yngre fornsvenska (1225-1526), och huvudsakl
HPLC analysis was used for direct quantification of amounts and redox levels of pyridine nucleotides in plant mitochondria. The amount of NAD(H) and NADP+ varied, 1.0-3.7 and 0-0.5 nmol (mg protein)-1, respectively, depending on the species from which nucleotides were extracted. NADPH was never detected. Submitochondrial localisation of NAD+-degrading enzymes indicated that matrix NAD+ diffuses i
Accelerating actions to mitigate CO2 emissions was one of the important messages at the UN Climate Summit 2014. About 85 % of the world’s energy is provided through the burning of fossil fuels, which is the main source of CO2 emissions. Increasing the share of renewable energy, and making energy efficiency improvements and savings were actions that were agreed upon to meet CO2 emission reductions.
Syftet med denna uppsats är att belysa vad som inträffar när regler från förvaltningsrättslig reglering om sjukpenning, arbetsmiljö och Försäkringskassans ansvar ställas emot civilrättslig reglering om arbetsgivarens möjlighet att säga upp en anställd på grund av sjukdom. Detta för att undersöka när aktörernas skyldigheter kommer i konflikt och arbetstagare riskerar att lämnas utförsäkrade. Uppsat
