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Palaeomagnetic data are used to study the configurations of continents during the Proterozoic. Applying stringent reliability criteria, the positions of the continents at 12 times in the 2.45- to 1.00-Ga period have been constructed. The continents lie predominantly in low to intermediate latitudes. The sedimentological indicators of palaeoclimate are generally consistent with the palaeomagnetic l
What do we gain from labeling certain norms of social organization law? This question provides the backdrop against which this chapter will examine the works of Leon Petrażycki and Eugen Ehrlich, two of the founders of legal sociology who devised concepts of law broader than state law. In the course of this examination we shall also assess the relevance of Petrażycki’s 'intuitive law' and Ehrlich’
Over the years, the field of landslide disaster research has amassed a wealth of data and specialized knowledge. However, these resources originate from a wide array of sources and often feature complex data structures, highlighting a persistent lack of methods to integrate multi-source, heterogeneous data. Traditional landslide monitoring methods typically focus on singular monitoring targets and
Hydrological processes in a watershed consist of multiple sub-processes (such as plant growth, evapotranspiration, water yield, and soil–water balance) that have complex interactions. The common practice of calibrating hydrological models against only a single variable (e.g., streamflow) can lead to parameter uncertainty (also known as equifinality), resulting in significant uncertainties in the r
This thesis challenges the prevailing firm-consumer/customer-centric and dyadic perspective that prevails within the brand equity literature, which is based on a linear, straightforward stimulus-response approach to the creation of brand value. Leaning on the literature on interorganisational relationships, stakeholder theory, market emergence/market driving, and firm internationalisation, which s
In recent years, an increasing number of ecosystems are threatened by seasonal flooding, changing non-flooded shoreland (NF) into seasonally flooded wetland (SF), but the consequences of this hydrological change for soil organic carbon (SOC) dynamics remain unknown. In this study, we investigated how the SOC content was determined by flooding duration and soil physicochemical variables in adjacent
INTRODUCTION: Reporting of sex and gender analysis in medical research has been shown to improve quality of the science and ensures findings are applicable to women and men. There is conflicting evidence on whether efforts by funding agencies and medical journals to encourage reporting of sex and gender analysis has resulted in tangible improvements. This study mapped the inclusion of sex and gend
Solceller – en miljövänlig energikälla? Miljöförstöring i form av växthusgasutsläpp är en gigantisk utmaning som mänskligheten står inför och vi måste agera NU! Solceller innebär en fantastisk möjlighet att utvinna stora mängder “ren” energi från solen. Men hur miljövänliga är egentligen solceller och är det ett effektivt alternativ i Sverige? Varje timme träffas Jorden av tillräckligt mycket eClimate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges at the present time and is currently an issue affecting the entire global population. Alternative renewable energy sources are vital to be able to deal with this challenge. Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources and is therefore also one of the fastest growing industries in this field. However, solar energy
Hur har föroreningar förändrats över tiden i nordligaste delen av Sverige? Om höga halter tungmetaller finns, vilka kan vara orsakerna till dessa? En resa från södra Skåne till norra Lappland har visat att de flesta metaller i sedimentet från en sjö har minskat på senare år, Hg samt Arsenik har dock ökat. Detta beror troligtvis på minskad användning av fossila bränslen samt gruvdriften i norr.Changes in the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se) in sediment of pristine lake in northern Sweden were studied by making measurements at different depths in a sediment core. The sediment core was extracted from the deepest part of the lake Sautusjärvi, close to the village Jukkasjärvi. The sediment samples were transported in a cooler to
Distribution patterns of resources and their role in determining species distribution are not only fundamental to the understanding of ecological patterns, but also of practical significance in conservation management. Shorebirds are experiencing precipitous declines globally, especially along the East Asian-Australasian Flyway (EAAF), where the major threats include the loss and degradation of ti
Shared micro-mobility services are increasingly embraced by cities around the world in recent years. Their benefits over other transportation modes in certain frames encourage traffic/urban planners, public authorities to establish such systems in urban areas. However, planning the placement, size and operation of such beneficial micro-mobility mode is a vital issue that concerns designers. Severa
Since its composition two centuries ago in 1824, Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony (Ode to Joy) has been heralded the world over not only as a great work of art, but also as a symbol of political importance. In Germany, it was lionised as the embodiment of a national spirit, first during the Franco-Prussian war, then as a prize of the Nazi repertoire; in Rhodesia, it became the national anthem of a far-r
Jus cogens norms and obligations erga omnes are concepts within international law that are often used to reinforce legal claims. This thesis aims to assess to what extent invoking these concepts, along with their reinforcing capabilities, is justified in specific cases. In order to achieve this, the thesis first gives an overview of the theoretical debate surrounding the concepts of jus cogens no
Islamiska Staten har de senaste fem åren orsakat oerhört mycket smärta och sorg. Krigsförbrytelser, brott mot mänskligheten och folkmord ska ha begåtts i de områden rörelsen kontrollerat i Irak och Syrien. Nu när kalifatets sista fästen besegrats står det internationella samfundet inför en ny utmaning; hur och var ska de ansvariga individerna straffas? Vissa politiker har numera hävdat att en IS-tDuring the past five years, the Islamic State has been responsible for a large amount of pain and suffering. War crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide have been committed in the areas the group controlled in Iraq and Syria. Now as the Kalifate’s last strongholds have been defeated, the international community stands before a new task; how and where shall the individuals responsible be punis
Mangroveskogens ekosystem är ett tropiskt kustsamhälle bebott av organismer anpassade till den stressfulla miljön i tidvattenszonen. Mangroveskogen har på senare år blivit erkänd för de viktiga ekosystemtjänsterna den erbjuder. Trotts detta hotas den av mänskliga aktiviteter, och en tredjedel av världens naturliga mangroveskog uppskattas redan ha gått förlorad. Ansträngningar har gjorts för att beThe mangrove ecosystem is a tropical coastal community inhabited by organisms adapted to the stressful environment of the tidal zone. Mangrove ecosystems has in recent years been noted for the important ecosystem services they offer. Still, they are threatened by anthropogenic activities and it has been estimated that a third of the world’s natural mangrove cover has already been lost. Efforts hav
Tidsberoende effekter, såsom krypning, krympning och stålrelaxation, är ofta svåra att prediktera när det kommer till förspända betongkonstruktioner. Krypning som ett fenomen är komplicerat och förenklas därför i gällande byggnormer (Eurocode), för att underlätta konstruktörens arbete. När det gäller etappvis spännarmerade betongbroar har dessa förenklingar visat sig ge felaktiga prognoser av de tLong-term effects, such as creep, shrinkage, and steel relaxation, are often difficult to predict for prestressed concrete structures. Creep as a phenomenon is complicated to describe and is therefore simplified in the current building standards, to better accommodate the designer. When dealing with segmentally constructed prestressed concrete bridges, these simplifications have shown to provide i
