Palaeomagnetic data are used to study the configurations of continents during the Proterozoic. Applying stringent reliability criteria, the positions of the continents at 12 times in the 2.45- to 1.00-Ga period have been constructed. The continents lie predominantly in low to intermediate latitudes. The sedimentological indicators of palaeoclimate are generally consistent with the palaeomagnetic l

As a global society we are entering an era where land areas and land-based resources are coming to the fore once again for capital accumulation and economic growth, for the first time since the end of the 18th century when Malthus forecasted a contradiction between population growth and agricultural output. That constraint on economic growth, imposed by limited land areas, was overcome by the comb

The nexus of population growth and changing diets has increased the demands placed on agriculture to supply food for human consumption, animal feed and fuel. Rising incomes lead to dietary changes, from staple crops, towards commodities with greater land requirements, e.g. meat and dairy products. Despite yield improvements partially offsetting increases in demand, agricultural land has still been

What do we gain from labeling certain norms of social organization law? This question provides the backdrop against which this chapter will examine the works of Leon Petrażycki and Eugen Ehrlich, two of the founders of legal sociology who devised concepts of law broader than state law. In the course of this examination we shall also assess the relevance of Petrażycki’s 'intuitive law' and Ehrlich’

Since its composition two centuries ago in 1824, Beethoven’s Ninth Symphony (Ode to Joy) has been heralded the world over not only as a great work of art, but also as a symbol of political importance. In Germany, it was lionised as the embodiment of a national spirit, first during the Franco-Prussian war, then as a prize of the Nazi repertoire; in Rhodesia, it became the national anthem of a far-r

Shared micro-mobility services are increasingly embraced by cities around the world in recent years. Their benefits over other transportation modes in certain frames encourage traffic/urban planners, public authorities to establish such systems in urban areas. However, planning the placement, size and operation of such beneficial micro-mobility mode is a vital issue that concerns designers. Severa

Tidsberoende effekter, såsom krypning, krympning och stålrelaxation, är ofta svåra att prediktera när det kommer till förspända betongkonstruktioner. Krypning som ett fenomen är komplicerat och förenklas därför i gällande byggnormer (Eurocode), för att underlätta konstruktörens arbete. När det gäller etappvis spännarmerade betongbroar har dessa förenklingar visat sig ge felaktiga prognoser av de tLong-term effects, such as creep, shrinkage, and steel relaxation, are often difficult to predict for prestressed concrete structures. Creep as a phenomenon is complicated to describe and is therefore simplified in the current building standards, to better accommodate the designer. When dealing with segmentally constructed prestressed concrete bridges, these simplifications have shown to provide i

Outside the box. On archivists' views on objects in municipal archives Historically objects in archives and objects as "documents" have been discussed for a long time. The focus of the discussion has generally been on defining what is a document, and what is not, and later what is in turn an act and thus belongs in the archive, and what does not. An object is generally not defined a

Islamiska Staten har de senaste fem åren orsakat oerhört mycket smärta och sorg. Krigsförbrytelser, brott mot mänskligheten och folkmord ska ha begåtts i de områden rörelsen kontrollerat i Irak och Syrien. Nu när kalifatets sista fästen besegrats står det internationella samfundet inför en ny utmaning; hur och var ska de ansvariga individerna straffas? Vissa politiker har numera hävdat att en IS-tDuring the past five years, the Islamic State has been responsible for a large amount of pain and suffering. War crimes, crimes against humanity and genocide have been committed in the areas the group controlled in Iraq and Syria. Now as the Kalifate’s last strongholds have been defeated, the international community stands before a new task; how and where shall the individuals responsible be punis

Solceller – en miljövänlig energikälla? Miljöförstöring i form av växthusgasutsläpp är en gigantisk utmaning som mänskligheten står inför och vi måste agera NU! Solceller innebär en fantastisk möjlighet att utvinna stora mängder “ren” energi från solen. Men hur miljövänliga är egentligen solceller och är det ett effektivt alternativ i Sverige? Varje timme träffas Jorden av tillräckligt mycket eClimate change is one of the greatest environmental challenges at the present time and is currently an issue affecting the entire global population. Alternative renewable energy sources are vital to be able to deal with this challenge. Solar energy is one of the most promising renewable energy sources and is therefore also one of the fastest growing industries in this field. However, solar energy

Hur har föroreningar förändrats över tiden i nordligaste delen av Sverige? Om höga halter tungmetaller finns, vilka kan vara orsakerna till dessa? En resa från södra Skåne till norra Lappland har visat att de flesta metaller i sedimentet från en sjö har minskat på senare år, Hg samt Arsenik har dock ökat. Detta beror troligtvis på minskad användning av fossila bränslen samt gruvdriften i norr.Changes in the accumulation of heavy metals (Cd, Cu, Hg, Fe, Mn, Ni, Pb, Zn), arsenic (As), and selenium (Se) in sediment of pristine lake in northern Sweden were studied by making measurements at different depths in a sediment core. The sediment core was extracted from the deepest part of the lake Sautusjärvi, close to the village Jukkasjärvi. The sediment samples were transported in a cooler to

Mangroveskogens ekosystem är ett tropiskt kustsamhälle bebott av organismer anpassade till den stressfulla miljön i tidvattenszonen. Mangroveskogen har på senare år blivit erkänd för de viktiga ekosystemtjänsterna den erbjuder. Trotts detta hotas den av mänskliga aktiviteter, och en tredjedel av världens naturliga mangroveskog uppskattas redan ha gått förlorad. Ansträngningar har gjorts för att beThe mangrove ecosystem is a tropical coastal community inhabited by organisms adapted to the stressful environment of the tidal zone. Mangrove ecosystems has in recent years been noted for the important ecosystem services they offer. Still, they are threatened by anthropogenic activities and it has been estimated that a third of the world’s natural mangrove cover has already been lost. Efforts hav

The growing interdependence and interconnectedness of the global community set the pace and frame for the evolution of foreign policy. Diplomacy formerly being the reserve of international communication has consequently been forced to change and branch out. This essay attempts to view these changes and their context at the example of US foreign policy in Pacific Asia. Both hard power translating i

Ending the use of unabated coal power is a key climate change mitigation measure. However, we do not know how fast it is feasible to phase-out coal on the global scale. Historical experience of individual countries indicates feasible coal phase-out rates, but can these be upscaled to the global level and accelerated by deliberate action? To answer this question, we analyse 72 national coal power p

Background: Public trust is central to the collection of genomic and health data and the sustainability of genomic research. To merit trust, those involved in collecting and sharing data need to demonstrate they are trustworthy. However, it is unclear what measures are most likely to demonstrate this. Methods: We analyse the ‘Your DNA, Your Say’ online survey of public perspectives on genomic data