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We demonstrate the assembly of nanoscale ferromagnetic single-electron transistors using atomic force microscopy for imaging as well as for nanoscale manipulation. A single 30 nm Au disc, forming the central island of the transistor, is manipulated with angstrom precision into the gap between a plasma-oxidized Ni source and drain electrodes. The tunnel resistances can be tuned in real time during
Background: The standard 12-lead ECG remains one of the basic investigations for the early detection and assessment of acute coronary syndromes. It is easy to perform, anywhere and anytime, and can be digitally transmitted within minutes to an emergency medical service for remote advice and triage. But the conventional ST-segment deviation criteria are of limited diagnostic accuracy. The purpose o
Background: Interleukin 1 beta ( IL- I beta) is found in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids from asthmatic patients and plays an important role in normal immunoregulatory processes but also in pathophysiological inflammatory responses. The present study was designed to investigate if IL- I beta could be involved in the development of airway hyperresponsiveness and if transcriptional mechanisms, epithel
I examine the relationship between reproductive success and marker-based relatedness (MBR; inferred from variation at 21 microsatellite loci) of pair-mates in a semi-isolated population of great reed warblers (Acrocephalus arundinaceus) over a 12 year period. There was a negative relationship between egg-hatching success and MBR, but no association between MBR and three other components of fitness
PURPOSE: To determine the effect of radiotherapy in doses 14 to 20 Gy on eradication of carcinoma-in-situ (CIS) testis and on the Leydig cell function. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-eight patients presented with unilateral testicular germ cell cancer and CIS of the contralateral testis. The CIS-bearing testis was treated with daily irradiation doses of 2 Gy, 5 days a week, to a cumulative dose of 20
Cutting edge deteriorations are attributed to higher mechanical and thermal stresses working on it during metal cutting. However, the stress estimation is a difficult task, especially when on-line estimation is desired. This paper presents a new approach for cutting edge mechanical stress estimation and load simulation. The approach can be applied in the implementation of on-line stress estimation
The ionizable amino acid side chains of proteins are usually located at the surface. However, in some proteins an ionizable group is embedded in an apolar internal region. Such buried ionizable groups destabilize the protein and may trigger conformational changes in response to pH variations. Because of the prohibitive energetic cost of transferring a charged group from water to an apolar medium,
Different ways of approximating the exchange-repulsion energy with a classical potential function have been investigated by fitting various expressions to the exact exchange-repulsion energy for a large set of molecular dimers. The expressions involve either the orbital overlap or the electron-density overlap. For comparison, the parameter-free exchange-repulsion model of the effective fragment po
Two ways of mounting distinguishing attacks on two similar stream ciphers, SOBER-t16 and SOBER-t32, are proposed.. It results in distinguishing attacks faster than exhaustive key search on full SOBER-t16 and on SOBER-t32 without stuttering.
In both mice and humans alternate splicing results in isoforms of c-Kit characterized by the presence or the absence of a tetrapeptide sequence, GNNK, in the juxtamembrane region of the extracellular domain. Dramatic differences in the kinetics and magnitude of activation of the intrinsic tyrosine kinase activity of c-Kit between the GNNK and GNNK+ isoforms has previously been shown. Here we repor
Six species of Candelariella with polysporous asci are recognized from western North America. The species are: C. borealis sp. nov., C. efflorescens, C. lutella, C. placodizans, C. vitellina and C. xanthostigma. Candelariella vitellina is lectotypified. A key to the polysporous species in western North America is provided and their distribution in the study area is mapped.
Consider the Sobolev embedding operator from the space of functions in W-1,W-p(I) with average zero into L-p, where I is a finite interval and p > 1. This operator plays an important role in recent work. The operator norm and its approximation numbers in closed form are calculated. The closed form of the norm and approximation numbers of several similar Sobolev embedding operators on a finite inte
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is known to be synthesized in a reaction that uses acyl-CoA as acyl donor and diacylglycerol (DAG) as acceptor, and which is catalyzed by the enzyme acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase. We have found that some plants and yeast also have an acyl-CoA-independent mechanism for TAG synthesis, which uses phospholipids as acyl donors and DAG as acceptor. This reaction is cataly
For 10 consecutive winters, measurements were carried out in Lake Vendyurskoe, Karelia, Russia. The aim of these measurements was to investigate some of the physical processes in this small shallow lake during its ice-covered period. Detailed measurements of ice thickness and condition, snow thickness, water temperature, salt content, and currents were developed into a database. Within this databa
The role of the Laude g-factor in atomic spectroscopy is explored through theoretical studies for Ne I and Ne II where some experimental values are available. Extended correlation studies in the Breit-Pauli approximation for spectrum calculations are analysed and compared with experiment and other theory. For Ne II, the multiconfiguration Dirac-Hartree-Fock method was also applied, but correlation
OBJECTIVES: To study whether intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR) is associated with decreased sensitivity to the main fetal growth factor, insulin, and the effect of glucocorticoid therapy on insulin sensitivity in preterm infants. STUDY DESIGN: Newborn infants with a birth weight (BW) of< 1500 g were classified as appropriate for gestational age ([AGA], BW within +/- 1 SD, n = 10), or small fo
