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Fifty years of capacity building in the search for new marine natural products

The Convention on Biological Diversity, and the Nagoya Protocol in particular, provide a framework for the fair and equitable sharing of benefits arising from the utilization of biological resources and traditional knowledge, and ultimately aim to promote capacity-building in the developing world. However, measuring capacity-building is a challenging task due to its intangible nature. By compiling

Timing of Breeding Site Availability Across the North-American Arctic Partly Determines Spring Migration Schedule in a Long-Distance Neotropical Migrant

Long-distance migrants are under strong selection to arrive on their breeding grounds at a time that maximizes fitness. Many arctic birds start nesting shortly after snow recedes from their breeding sites and timing of snowmelt can vary substantially over the breeding range of widespread species. We tested the hypothesis that migration schedules of individuals co-occurring at the same non-breeding

Allergic contact dermatitis from dyes used in the temple of spectacles

Background: We observed an increasing number of patients who presented with facial or retro-auricular dermatitis after skin contact with plastic spectacles or plastic covered temples. Objectives: To identify the allergens in plastic spectacles that may cause allergic contact dermatitis. Methods: All patients with suspected allergic contact dermatitis to eyewear were tested with Solvent Orange 60 (

Extended Follow-up of Local Steroid Injection for Carpal Tunnel Syndrome : A Randomized Clinical Trial

Importance: Local steroid injection is commonly used in treating patients with idiopathic carpal tunnel syndrome, but evidence regarding long-term efficacy is lacking. Objective: To assess the long-term treatment effects of local steroid injection for carpal tunnel syndrome. Design, Setting, and Participants: This exploratory 5-year extended follow-up of a double-blind, placebo-controlled randomiz

Evaluation of LL-37 in healing of hard-to-heal venous leg ulcers : A multicentric prospective randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial

Many patients with venous leg ulcers do not reach complete healing with compression treatment alone, which is current standard care. This clinical trial HEAL LL-37 was a phase IIb double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, with the aim to evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new drug LL-37 for topical administration, in combination with compression therapy, in 148 patients suffering from

Association of Tramadol vs Codeine Prescription Dispensation with Mortality and Other Adverse Clinical Outcomes

Importance: Although tramadol is increasingly used to manage chronic noncancer pain, few safety studies have compared it with other opioids. Objective: To assess the associations of tramadol, compared with codeine, with mortality and other adverse clinical outcomes as used in outpatient settings. Design, Setting, and Participants: Retrospective, population-based, propensity score-matched cohort st

Patients With Microscopic Colitis Have Altered Levels of Inhibitory and Stimulatory Biomarkers in Colon Biopsies and Sera Compared to Non-inflamed Controls

Introduction: Microscopic colitis (MC) is an inflammatory bowel condition with two subtypes, lymphocytic colitis (LC) and collagenous colitis (CC). Unlike patients with ulcerative colitis (UC) and non-inflamed individuals, MC patients have reduced risk of developing colorectal cancer, possibly due to increased immune surveillance in MC patients. Aim: To examine differences in levels of immunomodul

Child Sexual Abuse—Challenging Conditions for Adult Oral Health : A Qualitative Study

The aim was to analyze perceptions of oral health in adults who have been exposed to child sexual abuse. Eleven participants (10 women), 19 to 56 y of age, who had experienced sexual abuse as children were purposively selected and interviewed in-depth. The participants were encouraged to describe how they perceived the effect of the sexual abuse on their oral health as adults. The interviews were

Brain injury after cardiac arrest : pathophysiology, treatment, and prognosis

Post-cardiac arrest brain injury (PCABI) is caused by initial ischaemia and subsequent reperfusion of the brain following resuscitation. In those who are admitted to intensive care unit after cardiac arrest, PCABI manifests as coma, and is the main cause of mortality and long-term disability. This review describes the mechanisms of PCABI, its treatment options, its outcomes, and the suggested stra

Randomised controlled trial showed long-term efficacy, immunogenicity and safety of varicella vaccines in Norwegian and Swedish children

Aim: Several countries, such as Norway and Sweden, have not implemented universal varicella vaccination. We present data for Norway and Sweden that were generated by a paediatric multi-country Phase III study over a 10-year period. This assessed the efficacy, antibody persistence and safety of two varicella vaccines containing the same Oka strain. Methods: This was an observer-blind, controlled tr

Exposure to common-use pesticides, manganese, lead, and thyroid function among pregnant women from the Infants' Environmental Health (ISA) study, Costa Rica

Background: Pesticides and metals may disrupt thyroid function, which is key to fetal brain development. Objectives: To evaluate if current-use pesticide exposures, lead and excess manganese alter free thyroxine (FT4), free triiodothyronine (FT3), and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) concentrations in pregnant women from the Infants' Environmental Health Study (ISA). Methods: At enrollment, we de

A method for estimating defects in ferroelectric thin film MOSCAPs

We propose a capacitance measurement scheme that enables quantitative characterization of ferroelectric thin films integrated onsemiconductors. The film defect density is estimated by measurements of the CV hysteresis and frequency dispersion, whereas importantdevice parameters such as memory window and endurance can be extracted by a unidirectional CV method. The simple measurementscheme and the

Discovery of thymosin β4 as a human exerkine and growth factor

Skeletal muscle is an endocrine organ secreting exercise-induced factors (exerkines), which play a pivotal role in interorgan cross talk. Using mass spectrometry (MS)-based proteomics, we characterized the secretome and identified thymosin b4 (TMSB4X) as the most upregulated secreted protein in the media of contracting C2C12 myotubes. TMSB4X was also acutely increased in the plasma of exercising h