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The mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation system in plants possesses a variety of alternative pathways that decrease respiratory ATP production. These alternative pathways are mediated by three classes of bypass proteins: the type II NAD(P) H dehydrogenases (which circumvent complex I of the electron transport chain), the alternative oxidases (AOXs; which circumvent complexes III and IV) and the

Background: The Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) has become an important tool to describe motor function in children with Cerebral Palsy (CP). The Manual Ability Classification System (MACS) was developed recently as a corresponding classification of manual ability. The aim of this study was to describe the association between gross motor function and manual ability in a total po

Popular Abstract in Swedish Medborgarlön - ett statligt bidrag som ges till alla medborgare utan inkomst- eller behovsprövning - har varit flitigt diskuterat inom akademiska kretsar under senare år. Bland argumenten för medborgarlön återfinns att det antas ge ett erkännande åt obetalt arbete inom hemmet, en mer jämlik fördelning av lönearbete genom att uppmuntra deltidsarbete, leda till minskad ofBasic income - an income granted by the government to each full member of society without means tests or work requirements - has been a widely discussed subject among academics in recent years. However, basic income has not, in most cases, reached the formal political agenda. The main aim of this book is to discuss why this is the case, with Sweden as the focus of the discussion. The aim is also t

The discovery of multipotent neural progenitor (NP) cells has provided strong support for the existence of neurogenesis in the adult brain. However, the signals controlling NP proliferation remain elusive. Endocannabinoids, the endogenous counterparts of marijuana-derived cannabinoids, act as neuromodulators via presynaptic CB1 receptors and also control neural cell death and survival. Here we sho

This work treats a specific multi-vehicle control case, namely six vehicles on the Multi-Vehicle Wireless Testbed (MTWT), wich is an arena at Caltech, California, built for doing experiments on small vehicles. A model is set up and a controller is found through simulations that stabilizes the system. Stability is proven through a Nyquist-like criterion.

A simple algorithm for the inverse scattering approach to the Camassa-Holm equation is presented.

The use of piecewise quadratic cost functions is extended from stability analysis of piecewise linear systems to performance analysis and optimal control. Lower bounds on the optimal control cost are obtained by semidefinite programming based on the Bellman inequality. This also gives an approximation to the optimal control law. An upper bound to the optimal cost is obtained by another convex opti

Osteoarthritis (OA) and pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) are disorders associated with trisomy 7. The aim of the present study was to determine the frequency and distribution of the cells with +7 in vivo by analyzing sections of paraffin-embedded synovia from patients affected by OA, PVNS, other forms of synovitis [hemorragic synovitis (HS) and chronic synovitis (CS)], and from individuals

The M protein of Streptococcus pyogenes is a major bacterial virulence factor that confers resistance to phagocytosis. To analyze how M protein allows evasion of phagocytosis, we used the M22 protein, which has features typical of many M proteins and has two well-characterized regions binding human plasma proteins: the hypervariable NH2-terminal region binds C4b-binding protein (C4BP), which inhib

Quantum dots with conduction electrons or holes originating from several bands are considered. We assume the particles are confined in a harmonic potential and assume the electrons (or holes) belonging to different bands to be different types of fermions with isotropic effective masses. The density-functional method with the local density approximation is used. The increased number of internal (Ko

Using high-resolution spectra of nearby F and G dwarf stars, we have investigated the detailed abundance and age structure of the Hercules stream. We find that the stars in the stream have a wide range of stellar ages, metallicities, and element abundances. By comparing to existing samples of stars in the solar neighborhood with kinematics typical of the Galactic thin and thick disks, we find that

A numerical study was carried out to examine the development of duct flows being affected by combined buoyancy force-driven secondary flow and mass transfer. The developing flow and heat transfer have been simulated numerically for a horizontal fuel cell duct with rectangular and trapezoidal cross section. Constant heat flux and mass transfer rate are prescribed on the bottom wall, while thermal i