Lifetime measurements in TmI, TmII, and TmIII by time-resolved laser spectroscopy
Natural radiative lifetimes of eight levels in Tin I (4f(13)5d6p and 4f(12)5d682 configurations), two levels in Tin 11 (4f(12)5d6s configuration) and three levels in Tm III (4f(12)5d configuration) have been measured by using time-resolved laser spectroscopy. Free thulium atoms, as well as singly and doubly ionized ions, were obtained in a laser-induced thulium plasma and the investigated states w