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Popular Abstract in Swedish Vad är ett orsakssamband? Och vad är en orsak? Författaren hävdar att orsakssamband är lika verkliga och lokala som dess orsaker och effekter. Denna position är diametralt motsatt synen att orsakssamband i den mån de alls kan sägas finnas är instanser av lagbundenheter; en syn som (med viss orätt) tillskrivs David Hume, och som sedan dennes Treatise (1739) under långa tThe thesis addresses the nature of causation. It is argued that causation exists and is as local as its causes and effects. As a consequence, the position advocated is contrary to the as yet prevailing view that no 'causal tie' between cause and effect exists. Moreover, it is suggested that this tie can be perceived. The essay attempts to elucidate the nature of causes, effects, and causal mechani

We present calculations of autoionization widths using a fully numerical multiconfigurational Hartree-Fock method (MCHF). Energy positions and autoionization rates are given for several doubly-excited states lying below the n = 2 threshold in He I and H-. Particular attention is given to orthogonality considerations in the computation of the autoionization widths. The method is extended to the 1s2

We present and discuss new determinations of metallicity, rotation, age,kinematics, and Galactic orbits for a complete, magnitude-limited, andkinematically unbiased sample of 16 682 nearby F and G dwarf stars. Our∼63 000 new, accurate radial-velocity observations for nearly 13 500stars allow identification of most of the binary stars in the sampleand, together with published uvbyβ photometry, Hipp

The size and power of various generalization of the RESET test for functional misspecification are investigated, using the “Bootsrap critical values”, in systems ranging from one to ten equations. The properties of 8 versions of the test are studied using Monte Carlo methods. The results are then compared with another study of Shukur and Edgerton (2002), in which they used the asymptotic critical

Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus) is the major cause of invasive bacterial disease, including meningitis, in the neonatal period. Although prophylactic measures have contributed to a substantial reduction in the number of infections, development of a vaccine remains an important goal. While much work in this field has focused on the S. agalactiae polysaccharide capsule, which is an

A Catalyst pharmacophore model has been developed for the benzodiazepine site within the GABA(A) receptor complex. The model is based on a pharmacophore model originally proposed by Cook and co-workers (Drug Des. Discovery 1995, 12, 193-248) and further developed by Kahnberg et al. (J. Med. Chem. 2002,45, 4188-4201). The Catalyst pharmacophore model has been validated by using a series of flavonoi

The expression and distribution of mRNA encoding preproatrial natriuretic peptide (ppANP) in rat brain has been investigated by in situ hybridization of two 35S-labeled synthetic DNA oligonucleotides, based on a cDNA clone sequence that encodes rat ppANP. The highest relative concentrations of ppANP mRNA were detected in the medial preoptic hypothalamic nucleus ("anteroventral/third ventricle regi

Formation of DNA adducts as a result of exposure to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) was studied in 98 potroom workers from an aluminium smelting plant and in 55 blue-collar workers without occupational PAH exposure. DNA from peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) was used for quantitation of individual PAH-DNA adducts by P-32-postlabelling/high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) an

Direct scattering of propagating transient waves originating from internal sources in non-stationary, inhomogeneous, dispersive, stratified media is investigated. The starting point is a general, inhomogeneous, linear, first order 2 X 2 system of equations. Particular solutions are obtained, as integrals of fundamental waves from point sources distributed throughout the medium. First, resolvent ke

This paper presents a decision theory which allows subjects to account for the uncertainties of their probability estimates. This is accomplished by modelling beliefs about states of nature by means of a class of probability measures. In order to represent uncertainties of those beliefs a measure of epistemic reliability is introduced. The suggested decision theory is evaluated in the light of emp

The goal of the study is to cast light on the psychological factors behind the participation in nature conservation projects aiming to promote biodiversity. Two projects, wetland restoration and forest preservation, are examined through the framework of the VBN (Value-Belief-Norm) theory. A survey was conducted among 120 farmers and 160 forest owners in southern Sweden. Results did not support the

On Sufi gatherings in London and the impact of a visiting shaykh.

Females of the European pine sawfly, Neodiprion sertifer (Geoffr) (Hymenoptera: Diprionidae), were released and observed inside and outside (=control) of areas treated with their sex pheromone for the purpose of mating disruption. In 1992 and 1993, respectively, 0 and 2.5% of the females were observed mating in the pheromone treated area during the first day compared with 28 and 26% in the control

The effect of the spatial distribution of hydrophobic surface residues on the adsorption of a weakly hydrophobic polymer to proteins has been examined using a coarse-grain model solved by Monte Carlo simulations. A given number of surface sites were distributed randomly on the protein surface subjected to a distance constraint. Five protein classes for which the minimum distance between the sites