Underlying type 1 diabetes is a genetic aetiology dominated by the influence of specific HLA haplotypes involving primarily the class II DR-DQ region. In genetically predisposed children with the DR4-DQ8 haplotype, exogenous factors, yet to be identified, are thought to trigger an autoimmune reaction against insulin, signalled by insulin autoantibodies as the first autoantibody to appear. In child

Purpose: Nationwide data have been lacking on drug abuse (DA)-associated mortality. We do not know the degree to which this excess mortality results from the characteristics of drug-abusing individuals or from the effects of DA itself. Method: DA was assessed from medical, criminal, and prescribed drug registries. Relative pairs discordant for DA were obtained from the Multi-Generation and Twin Re

In this paper, a compact pattern reconfigurable dual-antenna array is designed at 2.65 GHz for MIMO terminal applications, such as laptops. Each antenna is composed of two layers, i.e., the monopole layer and the PIFA layer. By switching the PIN diodes on each layer, its radiation patterns can be varied between conical and boresight patterns. Two such identical antennas are placed side by side on

A review of several typical enhanced heat transfer tubes such as corrugated tube, transversally corrugated tube, twisted tube and spiral fluted tube, is carried out. Compared with smooth wall tube, these enhanced tubes have higher heat exchange capacity and better anti - fouling ability. Besides, the heat transfer efficiency can be promoted to a higher level if the objects that can disturb flow ar

We report on two-particle charge-dependent correlations in pp, p–Pb, and Pb–Pb collisions as a function of the pseudorapidity and azimuthal angle difference, Δη and Δϕ respectively. These correlations are studied using the balance function that probes the charge creation time and the development of collectivity in the produced system. The dependence of the balance function on the event multiplicit

Background Obesity is linked to cardiovascular diseases and increasingly common in type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) since the introduction of intensified insulin therapy. Our main aim was to explore associations between obesity and depression, anxiety, alexithymia and self-image measures and to control for lifestyle variables in a sample of persons with T1DM. Secondary aims were to explore associat

Hydro-hegemonic praxis defines much of Israel’s occupation that has continued since the signing of the Oslo Accords in 1993. Two empirical case studies of hydro-hegemony and counter-hegemony at local level are compared in this paper: the Israeli-occupied Golan Heights and the Israeli-occupied West Bank. Both case studies show that control over water resources and supply provides political power ov

Retailers are amongst the world's strongest brands, but little is known about retailer brand equity. In spite of their extensive use, we argue that current operational models are too abstract for understanding the uniqueness of the retail industry and too simplistic to understand the interrelationships among the dimensions in the retailer brand equity building process. This study contributes to th

This article presents measurements of tt¯ differential cross-sections in a fiducial phase-space region, using an integrated luminosity of 3.2 fb−1 of proton–proton data at a centre-of-mass energy of s√=13 TeV recorded by the ATLAS experiment at the LHC in 2015. Differential cross-sections are measured as a function of the transverse momentum and absolute rapidity of the top quark, and of the trans

The Kalman filter is the optimal state observer in the case of linear dynamics and Gaussian noise. In this paper, the observer problem is studied when process noise and measurements are generalized from Gaussian to log-concave. This generalization is of interest for example in the case where observations only give information that the signal is in a given range. It turns out that the optimal obse

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play an important role for integration of hardware and software in industrial robot cells. In this paper we propose a semantic grounding of the Sequential Function Charts (SFC) notation for specification of PLC programs. Our semantic grounding is expressed in the OWL semantic language and forms part of our semantic robot framework, called KIF (Knowledge Integr

Background: People with disabilities have the right to personal mobility and available and affordable assistive technology. The aims were to investigate similarities and differences between Sierra Leone and Malawi concerning participants’ mobility and satisfaction with their lower-limb prosthetic or orthotic device and related service delivery, and to identify variables associated with patients’ s