BACKGROUND: Historically, a reduced serum sodium concentration has been used to diagnose absorption of electrolyte-free irrigating fluid during transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP). In bipolar TURP, the irrigating solution contains electrolytes, thus invalidating the serum sodium method. In this study, we investigated whether glucose can be used to diagnose the absorption of irrigating f

Background: Fluid resuscitation after uncontrolled hemorrhage might promote rebleeding and irreversible shock. Tranexamic acid is a procoagulant drug that limits blood loss after surgery of the hip, knee, and heart. We hypothesized that pretreatment with tranexamic acid reduces the rebleeding in uncontrolled hemorrhage and thereby allows safe administration of crystalloid fluid resuscitation.Metho

Abstract in Spanish:El estudio de la relación entre la cultura material y el lenguaje tiene una larga tradición, desde los avances en el campo de la evolución de la cultura hasta los hallazgos de las ciencias cognitivas. Las recientes conclusiones de estos estudios se inclinan por la diversidad lingüística y la lingüística evolutiva desestimando el rol de los universales. Este artículo explora el The study of the relationship between material culture and language has a long tradition, from the studies of cultural evolution to the findings of the cognitive sciences. The recent conclusions of these studies in relation to the universals of language tend towards linguistic diversity and evolutionary linguistics, neglecting the role of universals. This article explores the role of artifacts in

Abstract in Spanish:Las redes de transporte urbano constituyen un espacio social en el que los agentes se relacionan con múltiples artefactos –señales, reductores de velocidad, puentes, otros vehículos, etc.– Como lo advierte Latour, el estudio de dicho entorno social necesita ser “materializado”, en este caso, considerando la infraestructura, que permite –o no– el uso fluido del sistema, como parUrban transport network is a social space in which agents interact with multiple artifacts –signs, speed bumps, bridges, other vehicles, etc.– As Latour states, the study of social spaces needs to be “materialized”, in this case, considering the material infrastructure that allows –or not– the fluid use of the system, as a fundamental part of the analysis of the transport phenomenon. From an agent

The goal of this report is to empirically study the domestic deployment of militaries to manage the pandemic on the African continent. In this perspective, the COVID-19 crisis is a case study of continuity and change: both within civil-military relations more broadly and within the armed forces in particular. The report focuses on four cases: Sierra Leone by Maggie Dwyer and Osman Gbla; Burkina Fa

BACKGROUND: Large-scale absorption of electrolyte-free irrigating fluid during endoscopic surgery may result in a "transurethral resection syndrome." The severity of the syndrome can probably be modified by using mannitol 5% instead of the most widely used glycine 1.5%.METHODS: Seventeen pigs with a mean body weight of 22 (range 19-26) kg received an intravenous infusion of 100 mL kg(-1) h(-1) of

BackgroundHome care is beset with work environment issues and high staff turnover, while research concerned with interventions to improve the work environment is sparse. Few of the existing interventions apply a participative approach, despite this being associated with more positive outcomes and sustainable change. This paper presents a framework, rooted in action research and action learning, fo

Description of the panel Cycling. Past, present, future

COVID-19 is associated with myocardial injury caused by ischemia, inflammation, or myocarditis. Cardiovascular magnetic resonance (CMR) is the noninvasive reference standard for cardiac function, structure, and tissue composition. CMR is a potentially valuable diagnostic tool in patients with COVID-19 presenting with myocardial injury and evidence of cardiac dysfunction. Although COVID-19-related

Exercise Doppler echocardiography (EDE) is a well-validated tool in ischemic and valvular heart diseases. However, its use in the assessment of the right heart and pulmonary circulation unit (RH-PCU) is limited. The aim of this study is to assess the semi-recumbent bicycle EDE feasibility for the evaluation of RH-PCU in a large multi-center population, from healthy individuals and elite athletes t

Breath-hold divers (BHD) enduring apnea for more than 4 min are characterized by resistance to release of reactive oxygen species, reduced sensitivity to hypoxia, and low mitochondrial oxygen consumption in their skeletal muscles similar to northern elephant seals. The muscles and myocardium of harbor seals also exhibit metabolic adaptations including increased cardiac lactate-dehydrogenase-activi

Right heart and pulmonary circulation disorders are generally caused by right ventricle (RV) pressure overload, volume overload, and cardiomyopathy, and they are associated with distinct clinical courses and therapeutic approaches, although they often may coexist. Cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) provides a noninvasive accurate and reproducible multiplanar anatomic and functional assessment, tissu

BACKGROUND: The most important determinant of long-term survival in patients with idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is the right ventricular (RV) adaptation to the increased pulmonary vascular resistance. Our aim was to explore RV contractile reserve during stress echocardiography in early-stage IPF.METHODS: Fifty early-stage patients with IPF and 50 healthy control patients underwent rest and stress