We use a unique source from the Swedish royal demesnes to examine the work and relative wages of women in sixteenth-century Sweden, an economic laggard in the early modern period. The source pertains to workers hired on yearly contracts, a type more representative of historical labour markets than day labour on large construction sites, and this allows us to observe directly the food consumed by w

The development of new modes at x-ray free electron lasers has inspired novel methods for studying fluctuations at different energies and timescales. For closely spaced x-ray pulses that can be varied on ultrafast time scales, we have constructed a pair of advanced instruments to conduct studies targeting quantum materials. We first describe a prototype instrument built to test the proof-of-princi

An individual's phenotype can be altered by direct contact with its present environment but also by environmental features experienced by previous generations, that is, parental or grandparental effects. However, the strength and direction of these transgenerational effects may be highly variable according to the ecological conditions experienced by ancestral generations. Here, we performed a reci

Accurate and reliable evaluation of muscle strength in para-athletes is essential for monitoring the effectiveness of strength training and/or rehabilitation programmes, and sport classification. Our aim is to synthesise evidence related to assessing muscle strength in para-athletes. Four databases were searched from January 1990 to July 2021 for observational studies focusing on strength assessme

It is well established that son preference is the crucial driver for sex ratio imbalance, and that there are risks stemming from such imbalance. Whether risks associated with a gender-imbalanced society may alter son preference will be explored in this study, which has so far received scant scholarly attention. Using data from the Consequences of Gender Imbalance Survey conducted in 2018, exploiti

Bird names are very important and interesting when it comes to studying iconicity. In particular, words naming birds with a distinct call, such as crow, raven, cuckoo, owl, and eagle, typically emerge by direct imitation. Initially, the name of the bird in languages mimic the sound of the bird’s call (Marttila 2011). However, over time, the sound structure of the name of the bird often becomes sub

The presentation will focus on the extent to which linguistic and other cultural features are vertically or horizontally transmitted in relation to human population history, and how such processes lead to the coevolution of languages and other cultural traits. Structural features of language may vary in their inherent propensity to become transmitted vertically (by lineage) or horizontally (via co

Well before large-scale quantum computers will be available, traditional cryptosystems must be transitioned to post-quantum (PQ) secure schemes. The NIST PQC competition aims to standardize suitable cryptographic schemes. Candidates are evaluated not only on their formal security strengths, but are also judged based on the security with regard to resistance against side-channel attacks. Although r

In this paper, we propose the first key-recovery side-channel attack on Classic McEliece, a KEM finalist in the NIST Post-quantum Cryptography Standardization Project. Our novel idea is to design an attack algorithm where we submit special ciphertexts to the decryption oracle that correspond to cases of single errors. Decoding of such ciphertexts involves only a single entry in a large secret perm

The Learning with Errors (LWE) problem receives much attention in cryptography, mainly due to its fundamental significance in post-quantum cryptography. Among its solving algorithms, the Blum-Kalai-Wasserman (BKW) algorithm, originally proposed for solving the Learning Parity with Noise (LPN) problem, performs well, especially for certain parameter settings with cryptographic importance. The BKW a

Freight transport in urban areas needs to become more sustainable. There is much potential to reduce emissions by transitioning to electric freight vehicles (EFVs). The context of this study is Sweden, a country with ambitious goals for transitioning to fossil-free road transport that incentivizes the adoption of EFVs through regulations, subsidies and environmental zones. However, it seems that f

The interactions between oppositely charged multi-indented lock- and spherical key-particles are investigated by means of Monte Carlo simulations at low volume fractions. The specificity of the interactions is initially investigated in an excess of either lock- or key-particles, and we find ordered clusters with highly directional bonds. This suggests electrostatics alone to be capable of inducing

We investigate the frequency stability of a high-order multi-converter system. For this, we identify its symmetry (i.e., rotational invariance) generated by a static angle shift and rotation of ac signals. We characterize the synchronous steady-state set, primarily determined by the steady-state angles, and dc power input. Based on eigenvalue conditions of its Jacobian matrix, we show asymptotic s

Water and energy are essential resources for all people. However, despite the availability of sufficient water and energy resources, men and women continue to be subject to unequal rights to both water and energy in terms of access, allocation, gathering, and quality of resources. Socioeconomic parameters, which include gender, income, and location, are determinant factors of water and cooking ene

Two novel Chlamydomonas-like species, belonging to the Moewusii clade, have been de-scribed. The first species inhabits eutrophic and neutral to basic pH waters in Sweden and England. It is easily recognizable under a light microscope due to its morphology (a small green prolate spheroidal shape with a large and truncated papilla at its anterior end, two equal flagella, a single lateral eyespot, a

Public green spaces (e.g., parks, green trails, greenways) and motivations to engage in active transport are essential for encouraging walking and cycling. However, how these key factors influence walker and cyclist behavior is potentially being increasingly influenced by the use of smart apps, as they become more ubiquitous in everyday practices. To fill this research gap, this work creates and t