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Genomic sequence capture of Plasmodium relictum in experimentally infected birds

Background: Sequencing parasite genomes in the presence of host DNA is challenging. Sequence capture can overcome this problem by using RNA probes that hybridize with the parasite DNA and then are removed from solution, thus isolating the parasite DNA for efficient sequencing. Methods: Here we describe a set of sequence capture probes designed to target 1035 genes (c. 2.5 Mbp) of the globally dist

Pituitary function and the response to GH therapy in patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis : analysis of the KIMS database

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness and safety of growth hormone (GH) replacement treatment in adult patients with Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) and GH deficiency (GHD) enrolled in KIMS (Pfizer International Metabolic Database). Patients and methods: Patients with LCH and GHD were studied at baseline and some of them after 1 year of GH treatment. The effectiveness of GH is presented as c

Unraveling Parkinson's disease heterogeneity using subtypes based on multimodal data

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) is a clinically and neuroanatomically heterogeneous neurodegenerative disease characterized by different subtypes. To this date, no studies have used multimodal data that combines clinical, motor, cognitive and neuroimaging assessments to identify these subtypes, which may provide complementary, clinically relevant information. To address this limitation, we su

Total Hip Arthroplasty Leads to Better Results After Low-Energy Displaced Femoral Neck Fracture in Patients Aged 55 to 70 Years : A Randomized Controlled Multicenter Trial Comparing Internal Fixation and Total Hip Arthroplasty

Background:The optimal treatment of displaced femoral neck fractures in patients 55 to 70 years old remains controversial. The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of closed reduction and internal fixation with cannulated screws (IF) compared with total hip arthroplasty (THA) on hip pain and function, with use of data for outcome measures, complications, and reoperations.Methods:This

The alarmins high mobility group box protein 1 and S100A8/A9 display different inflammatory profiles after acute knee injury

Objective: To compare the concentrations of high mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1) and S100A8/A9 in synovial fluid between patients with knee injuries and osteoarthritis (OA), and knee healthy subjects. To investigate associations of alarmin levels with different joint injuries and with biomarkers of inflammation, Wnt signaling, complement system, bone and cartilage degradation. Methods: HMGB1

MHC class II genotype-by-pathogen genotype interaction for infection prevalence in a natural rodent-Borrelia system

MHC genes are extraordinarily polymorphic in most taxa. Host-pathogen coevolution driven by negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) is one of the main hypotheses for the maintenance of such immunogenetic variation. Here, we test a critical but rarely tested assumption of this hypothesis—that MHC alleles affect resistance/susceptibility to a pathogen in a strain-specific way, that is, there i

Evolutionary consequences of genomic deletions and insertions in the woolly mammoth genome

Woolly mammoths had a set of adaptations that enabled them to thrive in the Arctic environment. Many mammoth-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for unique mammoth traits have been previously identified from ancient genomes. However, a multitude of other genetic variants likely contributed to woolly mammoth evolution. In this study, we sequenced two woolly mammoth genomes a

A pilot study of methods for prediction of poor outcome by head computed tomography after cardiac arrest

Introduction: In Sweden, head computed tomography (CT) is commonly used for prediction of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest, as recommended by guidelines. We compare the prognostic ability and interrater variability of routine and novel CT methods for prediction of poor outcome. Methods: Retrospective study including patients from Swedish sites within the Target Temperature Management afte

Unveiling nano-scaled chemical inhomogeneity impacts on corrosion of Ce-modified 2507 super-duplex stainless steels

The widely used stainless steels and their deformed variants are anticorrosive in ambient conditions due to passivation layers composed of chromium oxides. Conventionally, corrosion and erosion of the steels are attributed to the breakdown of such layers but seldomly to the origin that depends on surface heterogeneity at the microscopic level. In this work, the nanometer-scaled chemical heterogene

Internet-based vestibular rehabilitation versus standard care after acute onset vertigo : a study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Background: Dizziness and vertigo affect around 15% of adults annually and represent common reasons for contacting health services, accounting for around 3% of all emergency department visits worldwide. Vertigo is also associated with excessive use of diagnostic imaging and emergency care and decreased productivity, primarily because of work absenteeism. Vestibular rehabilitation is an evidence-ba

Tumor growth rate estimations in a breast cancer screening population

Tumor growth rate estimations can provide useful information about tumor progression and aggressiveness. Understanding the breast cancer progression and aggressiveness could aid with personalized screening/follow-up, treatment options, and prognosis. This paper reports a preliminary estimation of the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) for cancers detected during the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Scree

4D spatio-temporal electric field characterization of ultrashort light pulses undergoing filamentation

We present an experimental method capable of capturing the complete spatiotemporal dynamics of filamenting ultrashort laser pulses. By employing spatially resolved Fourier transform spectrometry in combination with the capability to terminate the filament at any length, we can follow the nonlinear dynamics in four dimensions, i.e. the transverse domain, time and filament length. Our method thus no

Active mechanisms of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy : A systematic review

Background: Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and substance use disorders (SUD). Methods: A systematic review of clinical trials reporting on the efficacy of KAP and discussing mechanisms of action, identified on PubMed and PsycInfo. Results: Five randomized-controlled trials reported on the eff

Transient Motion Classification Through Turbid Volumes via Parallelized Single-Photon Detection and Deep Contrastive Embedding

Fast noninvasive probing of spatially varying decorrelating events, such as cerebral blood flow beneath the human skull, is an essential task in various scientific and clinical settings. One of the primary optical techniques used is diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), whose classical implementation uses a single or few single-photon detectors, resulting in poor spatial localization accuracy an

Gut microbiome markers in subgroups of HLA class II genotyped infants signal future celiac disease in the general population : ABIS study

Although gut microbiome dysbiosis has been illustrated in celiac disease (CD), there are disagreements about what constitutes these microbial signatures and the timeline by which they precede diagnosis is largely unknown. The study of high-genetic-risk patients or those already with CD limits our knowledge of dysbiosis that may occur early in life in a generalized population. To explore early gut

A Comprehensive Evaluation of Consensus Spectrum Generation Methods in Proteomics

Spectrum clustering is a powerful strategy to minimize redundant mass spectra by grouping them based on similarity, with the aim of forming groups of mass spectra from the same repeatedly measured analytes. Each such group of near-identical spectra can be represented by its so-called consensus spectrum for downstream processing. Although several algorithms for spectrum clustering have been adequat

Diatom-reconstructed summer sea-surface temperatures and climatic events off North Iceland during the last deglaciation and Holocene

Lateglacial and Holocene summer sea-surface temperature (SST) variability in the northern North Atlantic was reconstructed based on diatom records from two sediment cores from the North Icelandic shelf. The temperature changes are discussed in relation to palaeoceanographic circulation patterns and past climatic changes. Modern diatom data from surface sediments from around Iceland and Southeast a

Time trends of coronary procedures, guideline-based drugs and all-cause mortality following acute coronary syndrome in patients with bipolar disorder

Aim: This study analyzed time trends in the use of coronary procedures, guideline-based drugs, and 1-year all-cause and presumed cardiovascular mortality (CV) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with and without bipolar disorder (BD). Method: Using Danish registries 497 patients with ACS and BD in the period 1996–2016 were matched 1:2 on age, sex and year of ACS to patients without

Continuous Glucose Monitoring Metrics and Birth Weight : Informing Management of Type 1 Diabetes Throughout Pregnancy

OBJECTIVE To determine gestational weekly changes in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and 24-h glucose profiles and their relationship to infant birth weight in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An analysis of >10.5 million CGM glucose measures from 386 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes from two international multicenter studies was performed. CGM glucos