Three species of the family Teloschistaceae (lichenized Ascomycota) are described as new to science from Southern and Eastern Siberia and the Far East. Corticolous Caloplaca saviczii belongs to the genus Caloplaca s. str.; it has C. cerina-like apothecia and green to grey-green, crateriform soralia with a white rim. Lendemeriella aureopruinosa is a saxicolous taxon with a thin grey thallus and sma

Understanding how and why some groups have become more species-rich than others, and how past biogeography may have shaped their current distribution, are questions that evolutionary biologists have long attempted to answer. We investigated diversification patterns and historical biogeography of a hyperdiverse lineage of Lepidoptera, the geometrid moths, by studying its most species-rich tribe Boa

The resource curse literature has established that taxation of natural resources might limit the long-term development of fiscal capacity in resource-rich countries. This article explores if, and how, natural resource abundance generates fiscal dependence on natural resource revenues. We compare five peripheral economies of Latin America (Bolivia, Chile, Peru) and Scandinavia (Norway, Sweden) over

Optimisation of cultivation conditions in the industrial production of probiotics is crucial to reach a high-quality product with retained probiotic functionality. Flow cytometry-based descriptors of bacterial morphology may be used as markers to estimate physiological fitness during cultivation, and can be applied for online monitoring to avoid suboptimal growth. In the current study, the effects

Emergencies such as fires and terrorist attacks pose risks of injuries and fatalities, which can be exacerbated by delayed, ill-informed, or unmanaged responses. Effective emergency communication strategies could be used to better inform people and reduce these risks. This research analyzes videos of real-world emergencies to: (a) identify people's observed behaviors that increase risk during evac

Plant invaders often exhibit substantially higher productivity than the communities they replace. However, little is known about interactions among invaders and microbial decomposers responsible for converting organic nutrients into plant-available forms to fuel this productivity. We performed two laboratory incubations with soil and plant material collected from five-year-old experimental plantin

Purpose: To evaluate the association between a previously published 313 variant–based breast cancer (BC) polygenic risk score (PRS313) and contralateral breast cancer (CBC) risk, in BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic variant heterozygotes. Methods: We included women of European ancestry with a prevalent first primary invasive BC (BRCA1 = 6,591 with 1,402 prevalent CBC cases; BRCA2 = 4,208 with 647 prevale

Numerical simulations using large eddy simulation (LES) and Unsteady Reynolds Averaged Navier–Stokes (URANS) are carried out to identify the underlying mechanisms that govern the early soot evolution process in an n-dodecane spray flame at 21% O2 by molar concentration. A two-equation phenomenological soot model is used here to simulate soot formation and oxidation. Both ignition delay time (IDT)

This paper presents a large eddy simulation study of n-heptane spray combustion in an n-heptane low temperature reform (LTR) gas environment in a constant volume combustion chamber, under conditions relevant to single-fuel reactivity controlled compression ignition (RCCI) combustion engines. The LTR gas is made up of partially oxidized intermediate species from rich n-heptane/air mixture in an ext

Photoelectrochemical (PEC) technology has been proved a promising approach to solve the problems of energy shortages and environmental pollution damages. It can convert unlimited solar energy resources into energy forms needed by mankind. The development of highly efficient photoanodes is a key step in realizing the large-scale practical application of PEC systems. However, the development of PEC

The Tyrrhenian tree frog, Hyla sarda, is an amphibian endemic to the Tyrrhenian islands (Western Mediterranean). Previous investigations of its Pleistocene evolutionary history suggested that it colonised the northern portion of its current range, through a spatial diffusion process from the Sardinia island, during the last glaciation. However, southern and northern portions of the species’ range

Structure–activity relationships built on descriptors of bulk and bulk-terminated surfaces are the basis for the rational design of electrocatalysts. However, electrochemically driven surface transformations complicate the identification of such descriptors. Here we demonstrate how the as-prepared surface composition of (001)-terminated LaNiO3 epitaxial thin films dictates the surface transformati

The genetic basis of Lewy body dementia (LBD) is not well understood. Here, we performed whole-genome sequencing in large cohorts of LBD cases and neurologically healthy controls to study the genetic architecture of this understudied form of dementia, and to generate a resource for the scientific community. Genome-wide association analysis identified five independent risk loci, whereas genome-wide

Glycemic traits are used to diagnose and monitor type 2 diabetes and cardiometabolic health. To date, most genetic studies of glycemic traits have focused on individuals of European ancestry. Here we aggregated genome-wide association studies comprising up to 281,416 individuals without diabetes (30% non-European ancestry) for whom fasting glucose, 2-h glucose after an oral glucose challenge, glyc

BACKGROUND: A resection with clear margins (R0 resection) is the most important prognostic factor in patients with locally recurrent rectal cancer (LRRC). However, this is achieved in only 60 per cent of patients. The aim of this study is to investigate whether the addition of induction chemotherapy to neoadjuvant chemo(re)irradiation improves the R0 resection rate in LRRC.METHODS: This multicentr

Biochemical signs and severity of symptoms of primary hyperparathyroidism (pHPT) differ among patients, and little is known of any coupling of clinical characteristics of nonfamilial pHPT to genetic abnormalities in the parathyroid tumors. Mutations in the recently identified MEN1 gene at chromosome 11q13 have been found in parathyroid tumors of nonfamilial pHPT. Using microsatellite analysis for

OBJECTIVE: Hyperparathyroidism (HPT) refers to states of excessive production of parathyroid hormone (PTH). The eukaryotic cell cycle is driven forward by cyclins and their cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) partners. Cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (CKIs), which generally inhibit cell cycle progression, modulate the activity of cyclin-CDK complexes.DESIGN: In order to quantify the expression of the