ABSTRACT. Differences in labour force participation and unemployment rates between indigenous populations and immigrants are common throughout Europe. But the gap seems to be particularly wide in Sweden. Based on studies of work places that traditionally employed large numbers of immigrants, but where they are now declining, it is argued that a driving force behind this process of exclusion is to

A gas chromatographic-ion trap tandem mass spectrometric method was developed for the quantification of muramic acid, a marker of bacterial peptidoglycan, in environmental and clinical specimens. Samples (bacteria, house dust and urine) were heated in methanolic hydrochloric acid overnight and extracted with hexane for removal of hydrophobic compounds. The aqueous phase was evaporated and heated i

The reactions between galena and synthetic lead(II) sulphide powders, and potassium alkylxanthates have been studied in aqueous, acetone and acetonitrile solutions. Acetone and acetonitrile have been used since potassium and lead(II) alkylxanthates are soluble in these solvents. Qualitative analysis of the alkylxanthate species present on the surfaces of galena and synthetic lead(II) sulphide afte

In this paper concepts and nomenclature of light measurements are discussed. The particular problems of underwater light measurements and the calibration of the equipment were presented. The pros and cons with spectroradiometers and broad band sensors were discussed. The use of specific ultraviolet-B sources for algal photobiology is recommended.

This study addresses caring staff experiences of hindrances and help in the support of daily occupations among people with developmental disabilities. Data were collected by means of a questionnaire consisting of open-ended questions about the staff perceptions of their work experiences. The respondents (n = 81), corresponding to 94.1% of all care staff employed in a geographically defined care ar

The impact of metabolic control on the development of rapidly progressive severe retinopathy was studied in 14 young type I insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM) patients. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbAlc) levels 45 months prior to and 12 months after the diagnosis of retinopathy were compared with HbAlc levels in 17 type I IDDM patients with no or minimal background retinopathy, matched for ag

Oxygen consumption, lactate production and tissue contents of ATP, phosphocreatine (PCr) and lactate were measured following readdition of K+ to K+-depleted rat portal veins, in order to study the energy turnover associated with Na+/K+ pumping. During incubation in K+-free medium at 37 degrees C spontaneous contractions disappeared in 10-20 min. Readdition of K+ (5.9 mM) after 40 min K+-free incub

Abstract in UndeterminedIn our modern society peoples attitudes towards animals are inconsistent, to say the least. Behind these heterogeneous attitudes there are several economic and cultural aspects. What possibilities do we have of studying relations between humans and animal, between nature and culture, in the distant past? What are our starting-points? How do we understand realities that diff

The Swedish welfare state has undergone structural changes in the last few decades, involving various cutback programmes and the decentralization of public service to the municipalities, with a shift from universal to more means-tested rights. Some of the responsibility for service to the very poorest people has been passed on to the family, the market and voluntary organizations. This has been pa

BACKGROUND: The gold standard to reconstruct a nerve defect is a conventional autologous nerve graft. There may be a lack of such grafts in severe nerve injuries. Alternatives to autologous nerve grafts are needed. METHODS: We have developed a technique where mainly Schwann cells are acutely dissociated from the ends of the severed nerve trunk after nerve injury. The technique does not require lon

Popular Abstract in Swedish För att förse en byggnad med rätt luftkvalitet och temperatur behövs ett inneklimatsystem som i denna avhandling är ett samlingsnamn för ventilations-, värme- och kylsystem. Hittills har val av inneklimatsystem i byggnader mest baserats på en lägsta initialkostnad. Med ett livscykel-perspektiv borde de totala kostnaderna och miljöpåverkan från systemen kunna minskas. MoThe indoor climate system, which serves a building with a proper indoor air quality and thermal comfort, has been predominantly designed based on the initial cost. A life cycle approach could improve both the economic and environmental performance since the energy use could decrease. There has been a lack of knowledge, models and tools for determining the life cycle cost (LCC) for an indoor climat