CONTEXT: The complexity of bladder cancer diagnosis and staging results in delays in definitive treatment of muscle-invasive bladder cancer by radical cystectomy. OBJECTIVE: This systematic review and meta-analyses aim to assess the impact of delays in radical cystectomy. EVIDENCE ACQUISITION: A systematic review was conducted by searching Medline and Ovid Gateway using protocol-driven search term

Sex chromosomes in birds have long been considered to be extremely stable. However, this notion has lately been challenged by findings of independent autosome-sex chromosome fusions within songbirds, several of which occur within a single clade, the superfamily Sylvioidea. To understand what ecological and evolutionary processes drive changes in sex chromosome systems, we need complete description

Small interfering RNAs (siRNAs) are a new class of promising therapeutic molecules that can be used for sequence-specific downregulation of disease-causing genes. However, endosomal entrapment of siRNA is a key hurdle for most delivery strategies, limiting the therapeutic effect. Here, we use live-cell microscopy and cytosolic galectin-9 as a sensor of membrane damage, to probe fundamental propert

Type 2 diabetes (T2D) is a metabolic disease with impact on brain function through mechanisms that include glucose toxicity, vascular damage and blood–brain barrier (BBB) impairments, mitochondrial dysfunction, oxidative stress, brain insulin resistance, synaptic failure, neuroinflammation, and gliosis. Rodent models have been developed for investigating T2D, and have contributed to our understand

Oestrogen receptor β (ERβ) has been suggested to have anti-proliferative and anti-tumour effects in breast and prostate cancer cells, but other studies have indicated its tumour-promoting effects. Understanding the complex effects of this receptor in different contexts requires further study. We reported that high ERβ expression is independently associated with improved prognosis in female colorec

This paper investigates the extraction of time-frequency (TF) features for classification of electroencephalography (EEG) signals and episodic memory. We propose a model based on the definition of locally stationary processes (LSPs), estimate the model parameters, and derive a mean square error (MSE) optimal Wigner-Ville spectrum (WVS) estimator for the signals. The estimator is compared with stat

The streaming instability is a leading candidate mechanism to explain the formation of planetesimals. However, the role of this instability in the driving of turbulence in protoplanetary disks, given its fundamental nature as a linear hydrodynamical instability, has so far not been investigated in detail. We study the turbulence that is induced by the streaming instability as well as its interacti

There is a need to develop and use research observations in the clinical field, primarily to gain insight into and assess evidence of what comprises caring in a real-life situation and confirm what is actually taking place. In addition, assessments lead to a new and different understanding of what caring constitutes, thereby enabling the identification of what kind of care is being provided and is

Introduction: Western Europe today is a culturally diverse society and expected to become more so in the future. When patients from unfamiliar cultures become critically ill and require intensive care, this places considerable demands on the cultural and linguistic competencies of the intensive care staff. Existing research regarding the transcultural aspects of intensive care is scarce and, in Sw

Medical technology has progressed tremendously over the last few decades, but the same development cannot be seen in the design of these intensive care unit environments. Authors report results of a study of evidence-based room design, emphasizing the impact on conveying a caring attitude to patients. Ten nonparticipant observations were conducted in patient rooms with 2 different designs, followe

In acute myeloid leukemia (AML) FLT3 internal tandem duplication (ITD) and nucleophosmin 1 (NPM1) mutations provide prognostic information with clinical relevance through choice of treatment, but the effect of age and sex on these molecular markers has not been evaluated. The Swedish AML Registry contains data on FLT3-ITD and NPM1 mutations dating to 2007, and 1570 adult patients younger than 75 y

Progresses in reconstructing Earth's history of biomass burning has motivated the development of a modern charcoal dataset covering the last decades through a community-based initiative called the Global Modern Charcoal Dataset (GMCD). As the frequency, intensity and spatial scale of fires are predicted to increase regionally and globally in conjunction with changing climate, anthropogenic activit

This study investigates machining superalloy Inconel 718 with polycrystalline cubic boron nitride (pcBN) tooling both numerically and experimentally. Particular attention is given to mechanical and thermal stresses in the cutting tool arising from segmented chip formation and associated forces and temperatures. The temperature dependence of the mechanical properties of pcBN has been investigated a

The therapeutic landscape of chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) has profoundly changed over the past 7 years. Most patients with chronic phase (CP) now have a normal life expectancy. Another goal is achieving a stable deep molecular response (DMR) and discontinuing medication for treatment-free remission (TFR). The European LeukemiaNet convened an expert panel to critically evaluate and update the evi

Electron beam induced current (EBIC) is a well-established tool to, among others, locate and analyze p-n junctions, Schottky contacts or heterostructures in planar devices and is now becoming essential to study and optimize devices at the nanoscale, like III-V nanowire (NW) based solar cells. Here, we report on EBIC measurements on III-V single NW solar cells as well as on fully processed NW devic

With no ambition to provide a complete inventory, this article introducesthe reader to the ways in which Malcolm X and his legacy have been usedwithin US hip-hop music. The central argument is that US hip-hop artists,since the birth of hip-hop, have been participating in the processes ofreinventing Malcolm X and his legacy by not only casting him as a symbolof local African American resistance aga

Objectives: To investigate associations between sexual identity and low leisure-time physical activity (LTPA). Study design: Cross-sectional study. Methods: The 2012 public health survey was conducted with a postal questionnaire in southern Sweden with 28,029 respondents, aged 18–80 years. Analyses were conducted with logistic regressions. Results: The prevalence of low LTPA among men and women we

Objective: Acute administration of the main protein component of high-density lipoprotein, apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-1), improves glucose uptake in skeletal muscle. The molecular mechanisms mediating this are not known, but in muscle cell cultures, ApoA-1 failed to increase glucose uptake when infected with a dominant-negative AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) virus. We therefore investigated whe

This study investigated age-related changes in the human brain function using both traditional EEG analysis (power spectra) and the correlational dimension, a measure reflecting the complexity of EEG dynamics and, probably, the complexity of neurophysiologicaI processes generating the EEG. Assuming that the accumulation of individual experience is determined by the formation of functionally relate

BACKGROUND: Continuity models of midwifery care are rare in Sweden, despite its well-known positive effects. The aim was to describe pregnancy and birth outcome in women participating in a continuity of care project in a rural area of Sweden.METHOD: A register-based study of 266 women recruited to the project and a control group of 125 women from the same catchment area. Midwives provided antenata