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BACKGROUND: Aggregate and risk-stratified perioperative mortality rates (POMR) are well-documented in high-income countries where surgical databases are common. In many low-income and middle-income country (LMIC) settings, such data are unavailable, compromising efforts to understand and improve surgical outcomes. We undertook a systematic review to determine how POMR is used and defined in LMICs
When on September 15, 2008 the financial conglomerate Lehman Brothers files for bankruptcy – and with that ‘officially’ sparks off the international financial crisis – few would have anticipated the invasive effect this crisis would come to have on the professional and personal lives of many across the world. Today, this implosion remains a mere ‘blip’ in the universe of events that ensued. On c
Cancer development depends on cells aquiring a skillset of limitless growth and finally invasive properties to allow for metastasis, as summarised by the six hallmarks of cancer. Recently four more hallmarks have been added: genomic instability, deregulating cellular metabolism, tumour-promoting inflammation and avoiding immune destruction. This thesis focuses on the latter two: immune system and
Socio-economic shocks, technogenic catastrophes, and armed conflicts often have drastic impacts on local and regional food security through disruption of agricultural production and food trade, reduced investments, and deterioration of land and infrastructure. Recently, more research has focused on the effects of armed conflict on land systems, but still little is known about the processes and outSocio-economic shocks, technogenic catastrophes, and armed conflicts often have drastic impacts on local and regional food security through disruption of agricultural production and food trade, reduced investments, and deterioration of land and infrastructure. Recently, more research has focused on the effects of armed conflict on land systems, but still little is known about the processes and out
Befolkningen växer och andelen som vill bo i städer ökar stadigt vilket skaparbehov av ny mark att bygga bostäder på. Tidigare har de flesta städer och orterutvecklats genom att växa utåt, vilket har lett till förlust av naturområden ochjordbruksmark och ökat beroendet av bilar. Att bygga staden inåt istället, så kallad förtätning, är numera en populär strategi för att minska bostadsbristen. I denThe proportion of people living in densely built up areas is gradually increasing,forcing cities to generate new land to build homes upon. In this process there is a risk for an inexplicit decrease of green space. The green features ofneighbourhoods help to create a supportive environment for health and physicalactivity, thus a reduction of greenness may reduce the general well-being in thepopulat
The maternal temperature is normally increasing during delivery. Maternal fever in labor is a common problem.Such fever could represent a chorioamnionitis (CAM), leading to an increased risk of neonatal encephalopathy andsubsequent cerebral palsy, as well as other complications. There are also noninfectious reasons for elevatedtemperature during delivery. There is no fetal heart rate that is speci
In biomarker analysis, sample preparation plays a crucial step in order to extract, isolate and concentrate the analytes of interest. Among the various sample preparation techniques, solid phase extraction (SPE) is one of the most common and popular, due to the high enrichment factor, good recovery, low consumption of organic solvents and the possibility to automate (off- or on-line) the whole pro
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an opportunistic bacterium that causes debilitating infections when the immune defence is compromised. It possesses an arsenal of virulence traits to colonize most compartments of the body and is often highly resistant against commonly used antimicrobial drugs.Outer membrane vesicles (OMV) are spheres released from Gram-negative bacteria. They are packed with proteins, in
We show that the eccentricity of every vertex in an undirected graph on n vertices can be computed in time n exp O(k*log(d)), where k is the treewidth of the graph and d is the diameter. This means that the diameter and the radius of the graph can be computed in the same time. In particular, if the diameter is constant, it can be determined in time n*exp(O(k)). This result matches a recent hardnes
How should we respond to a criminal offence committed by a young person? It is obvious that this is a very complex question. Multiple factors play important roles: the offence itself, but also the juvenile’s background in terms of education, socialization, prior convictions, etc. Every case is unique, but the criminal legal system has to follow the principles of legal certainty and predictability.How should we respond to a criminal offence committed by a young person? It is obvious that this is a very complex question. Multiple factors play important roles: the offence itself, but also the juvenile’s background in terms of education, socialization, prior convictions, etc. Every case is unique, but the criminal legal system has to follow the principles of legal certainty and predictability.
