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Optical Diagnostics in Energy Conversion Processes

This thesis presents development in optical diagnostics for studies of energy conversion processes. Work has been done in characterization of electrode wear in spark plugs, multi-species high-speed tomographic laser-induced fluorescence, high-speed diagnostics in lab-scale gas turbine burners, and surface temperature measurements on gas turbine burner injection nozzles.A new method of monitoring e

Artificial intelligence and radiologists in prostate cancer detection on MRI (PI-CAI): an international, paired, non-inferiority, confirmatory study

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) systems can potentially aid the diagnostic pathway of prostate cancer by alleviating the increasing workload, preventing overdiagnosis, and reducing the dependence on experienced radiologists. We aimed to investigate the performance of AI systems at detecting clinically significant prostate cancer on MRI in comparison with radiologists using the Prostate Im

Increase in gross primary production of boreal forests balanced out by increase in ecosystem respiration

Changes in the net carbon sink of boreal forests constitute a major source of uncertainty in the future global carbon budget and, hence, climate change projections. The annual net ecosystem exchange of carbon dioxide (CO2) controlling the terrestrial carbon stock results from the small difference between respiratory CO2 release and the photosynthetic CO2 uptake by vegetation. The boreal forest, an

The ENVRI Catalogue of Services : A Road-Test for Environmental Research Infrastructure Metadata Harmonisation and Interoperability

The European Environmental Research Infrastructures (ENVRI) community, in its pursuit of enabling seamless and FAIR (Findable, Accessible, Interoperable, and Reusable) access to environmental research data and services, has realised the ENVRI Catalogue of Services. This paper provides an in-depth look into the creation of this tool, highlighting the process, the challenges faced, and the scientifi

Detection of Nickel Atoms Released from Electrodes in Spark Discharges using Laser-induced Fluorescence

The reduction of greenhouse gas emission and the effort of carbon neutrality require the improvement of spark-ignition (SI) engines in terms of efficiency and capability to operate on renewable fuels. The electrode wear of spark plugs, used for ignition of novel fuels and lean mixtures, emerges as a significant challenge in this transition. Understanding the physical mechanism and influence from s

Living with the threat of losing a child : Parents' experiences of the transplantation process with a severely ill child who received stem cells from a sibling

Purpose: When a child needs a hematopoietic stem cell transplant, the seriousness of the child's illness is highlighted. The purpose of this study was to explore parents' experiences of the transplantation process when two children in the family are involved, one severely ill child as the recipient and the other as the donor. Methods: In this qualitative study, interviews were conducted with 18 pa

Anti-Müllerian hormone and fertility in women after childhood cancer treatment : Association with current infertility risk classifications

Background To identify childhood cancer survivors (CCSs) at risk of premature ovarian insufficiency (POI) and impaired fertility is important given its impact on quality of life. The aim of this study was to assess ovarian markers and fertility outcomes in adult female CCSs. We used the Swedish and the PanCareLIFE classifications for infertility risk grouping. Methods 167 CCSs, at median age 34.6

Efficacy of T-cell assays for the diagnosis of primary defects in cytotoxic lymphocyte exocytosis

Primary hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) is a life-threatening disorder associated with autosomal recessive variants in genes required for perforin-mediated lymphocyte cytotoxicity. A rapid diagnosis is crucial for successful treatment. Although defective cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) function causes pathogenesis, quantification of natural killer (NK)–cell exocytosis triggered by K562 targe

Loss of Chromosome Y in Neuroblastoma Is Associated With High-Risk Disease, 11q-Deletion, and Telomere Maintenance

Neuroblastoma (NB) is a heterogeneous childhood cancer with a slightly higher incidence in boys than girls, with the reason for this gender disparity unknown. Given the growing evidence for the involvement of loss of the Y chromosome (LoY) in male diseases including cancer, we investigated Y chromosome status in NB. Male NB tumor samples from a Swedish cohort, analyzed using Cytoscan HD SNP-microa

Legal mobilization dilemmas in the Nordics – an autoethnographic reflection on the role of scholars in the asylum commission

The present article investigates key dilemmas in collective legal mobilization initiatives in the field of asylum and migrants’ rights. Focusing on my own experiences from working in the Asylum Commission – a trans-sectional mobilization initiative that ran in Sweden from 2019 to 2022, involving researchers, civil society representatives, and professionals – I analyze two central dilemmas that cha

Harmonization through adjudication New trends and challenges

This chapter studies the evolution of the classic legislative concepts developed by the Court of Justice of the European Union (CJEU) in its free movement jurisprudence. The idea is to discuss the key decisions mentioned by Piet Jan Slot in his article (‘Harmonisation’) published in 1996 in European Law Review and analyse these decisions in a new light and a new context. In a nutshell, the chapter

Climate, Culture, and History : Essays in Development Economics

This thesis consists of four self-contained chapters that explore two areas in development economics: the impact of geography and climate on health, learning, and financial decision-making, and the influence of history and culture on human and social capital.In the first chapter, we study the effect of waterborne disease risk on children’s health and learning in Tanzania. Using a hydrological mode

Workshop on high-harmonic seeding for present and future short wavelength free-electron lasers

We are now seeing the development of a new generation of synchrotron radiation sources, the seeded, short-wavelength Free Electron Lasers (FELs), which are capable of driving the radiation to even higher intensities, and with new capabilities such as longitudinal coherence and ultra-short pulses. The Workshop on High-harmonic Seeding for Present and Future Short Wavelength Free-Electron Lasers, ho