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This thesis examines the Energy Charter Treaty's (ECT) Fair and Equitable Treatment (FET) standard, how it was modernized in 2024, and how this modernization affects the legal position of developing and energy-exporting nations, especially those in the Caspian Sea region. The goal is to determine whether modernization broadens states' regulatory latitude to pursue the energy transition and

Syftet med detta arbete var att undersöka hur data på ett smidigt sätt kan överföras från Excel till en relationsdatabas, samt hur en sådan databas kan användas för att effektivisera processer inom automationsprojekt. Arbetet inleddes med intervjuer för att identifiera vilka delar av automationsprojekten som upplevdes som ineffektiva, samt vilka lösningar som efterfrågades. Därefter inleddes progrThe purpose of this project was to investigate how data can be efficiently transferred from Excel to a relational database, and how such a database can be used to streamline processes within automation projects. The work began with interviews aimed at identifying inefficiencies in current workflows and gathering insights on desired solutions. Based on the findings, the development phase was initia

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a set of motor symptoms that depend on nigrostriatal dopaminergic degeneration and respond well to pharmacological dopamine replacement using L-DOPA. However, replacing dopamine with either L-DOPA or dopamine receptor agonists leads to the appearance of motor and nonmotor complications within a few years. Strong emphasis is currently placed on developin

l-DOPA-induced dyskinesia (LID) is a prevalent complication of dopamine replacement therapy in Parkinson’s disease. In addition to its clinical importance, LID represents a paradigm to unravel how altered signaling downstream of dopamine receptors can disrupt mechanisms of synaptic plasticity and motor information processing in the cortico-basal ganglia network. This chapter focuses on experimenta

We present memory-based language modeling as an efficient, eco-friendly alternative to deep neural network-based language modeling. It offers log-linearly scalable next-token prediction performance and strong memorization capabilities. Implementing fast approximations of k-nearest neighbor classification, memory-based language modeling leaves a relatively small ecological footprint both in trainin

A meditation on gratitude, strangeness, and listening with careA deceptive cadence suggests resolution but withholds it, opening instead to uncertainty, fragility, and the unexpected. This philosophical-existential inquiry takes that musical figure as a metaphor for life itself—disrupted by illness, sustained by another’s gift, and reshaped by the presence of death. Music here becomes a vital comp

The aim of this study was to perform histopathological reassessment of primary resections of locally advanced colon cancer (CC) within a randomized controlled trial, with specific focus on surgical margins and synchronous locoregional peritoneal metastases (SL-PM), and to provide learning points for both surgeons and pathologists. All histopathological slides of patients with c/pT4N0-2M0 or perfor

BackgroundSome patients scheduled for cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) only undergo explorative laparotomy (open/close procedure) due to extensive tumor spread or challenges in achieving complete cytoreduction (CC0). This study aimed to evaluate the surgical outcomes and overall survival in patients with peritoneal surface malignancy (PSM) who only

dolescents with an immigrant background have poorer educational performance than their native counterparts, which may partly be explained by the quality of their neighbourhood area upon immigration to Sweden. An important part of neighbourhood quality is neighbourhood socioeconomic status (NSES). This study examines the impact of initial NSES on subsequent school grades in refugees by using a natuAdolescents with an immigrant background have poorer educationalperformance than their native counterparts, which may partly be explainedby the quality of their neighbourhood area upon immigration to Sweden. Animportant part of neighbourhood quality is neighbourhood socioeconomicstatus (NSES). This study examines the impact of initial NSES on subsequentschool grades in refugees by using a natural

This study investigates the effects of high-frequency temporal light modulation (TLM) on neural activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy individuals (age 18–50 years). We examined stimulation frequencies both below (50 Hz) and above (≥100 Hz) the perceptible threshold for visual flicker. Our findings revealed that 50 Hz TLM, which is perceived as flickering, leads to

Wall-bounded turbulent flows are central to a wide range of engineering applications, where surface roughness can significantly influence both frictional drag and convective heat transfer. While the momentum effects of roughness have been significantly advanced in the literature, the thermal counter parts remain insufficiently understood. This study addresses the critical gap in understanding roug

Background: MicroRNA-379 (miR-379) has been reported to play a tumour-suppressing role in several cancer types. Our previous work demonstrated that miR-379 overexpression attenuates the metastatic spread of prostate cancer (PCa) both in vitro and in vivo. However, the underlying mechanisms remain poorly understood. Methods: To elucidate the mechanisms by which miR-379 affects metastases, we perf

Cancer is a disease of the genome caused by oncogene activation and tumor suppressor gene inhibition. Deep sequencing studies including large consortia such as TCGA and ICGC identified numerous tumor-specific mutations not only in protein-coding sequences but also in non-coding sequences. Although 98% of the genome is not translated into proteins, most studies have neglected the information hidden

Coleoid cephalopods (octopus, squid and cuttlefish) have unusually complex nervous systems. The coleoid nervous system is also the only one currently known to recode the majority of expressed proteins through A-to-I RNA editing. The deamination of adenosine by adenosine deaminase acting on RNA (ADAR) enzymes produces inosine, which is interpreted as guanosine during translation. If this occurs in

The coleoid cephalopods display unusually extensive mRNA recoding by adenosine deamination, yet the underlying mechanisms are not well understood. Because the adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADAR) enzymes catalyze this form of RNA editing, the structure and function of the cephalopod orthologs may provide clues. Recent genome sequencing projects have provided blueprints for the full compleme

Urban railway systems play an important role in creating sustainable cities, especially in megacities where they serve as the backbone of mass transit. Providing connection information for urban rail systems is essential to ensure continued use of public transport by passengers. However, metro systems can be operated by different service providers, creating challenges in connecting information whi

The purpose of this paper is to explore context adaptation of change processes in the setting of public administration. This is done by adopting a contingency approach. Thus, the research question guiding this study is: How is context adaptation enacted in change processes and what are the behavioural implications? Drawing on empirical findings from the Swedish Transport Administration, the study

Supply chain risk management (SCRM) is a common practice for most supply chains. It involves the processes of identifying, assessing, mitigating, and monitoring the risks of providing products and services within the supply chain. Many supply chains have prepared to deal with the uncertainties which may interrupt their supply chain operations. This research is interested to find the current SCRM p

In this work, we investigate the cryogenic performance of hafnia-based ferroelectric capacitors with and without an aluminum oxide (ALO) interlayer, comparing conventional metal-ferroelectric-metal (MFM) structures to metal-ferroelectric-insulator-metal (MFIM) counterparts. Devices employing Hf0.5Zr0.5O2 as the ferroelectric layer were characterized from 300 K down to 10 K, targeting temperature r