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We report the synthesis of linear and branched (1→4)-d-galactans. Four tetrasaccharides and one pentasaccharide were accessed by adopting a procedure of regioselective ring opening of a 4,6-O-naphthylidene protecting group followed by glycosylation using phenyl thioglycoside donors. The binding of the linear pentasaccharide with galectin-3 is also investigated by the determination of a co-crystal
CHANGES resulting in altered antigenic properties of viruses nearly always occur on their surface and have been attributed to the substitution of residues directly involved in binding antibody. To investigate the mechanism of antigenic variation in foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV), variants that escape neutralization by a monoclonal antibody have been compared crystallographically and serologic
ATTACHMENT of foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) to its cellular receptor involves a long and highly antigenic loop containing the conserved sequence, Arg-Gly-Asp, a motif known to be a recognition element in many integrin-dependent cell adhesion processes1-7. In our original crystal structure of FMDV the Arg-Gly-Asp-containing loop ('the loop'), located between β-strands G and H of capsid protei
In pre-industrial Europe, many thousands of ‘middle-class’ individuals retired by purchasing a corrody: a contract allowing them life-long food and lodging, usually by spending their remaining years in a hospital. Given that people usually struggle to prepare for the later stages of life, this article asks whether corrodies were priced in line with the market. We study institutions that specialize
This study, based on a systematic literature review, aims to identify and analyze selected control mechanisms when project success criteria operationalize. The main theoretical contribution of this study involves identifying the dimension of control mechanisms in success criteria operationalization. The most easily identified control mechanisms in the data material were output control mechanisms,
Automated decision-making (ADM) has been introduced into the public sector in many countries, including for decisions made regarding the provision of economic support to people in need. This article analyses the value positions (the ‘desired intentions’) for using ADM to determine such decisions in four Swedish municipalities. The value positions related to efficiency of the application process, i
I en tid då tekniska lösningar blir allt vanligare behövs en problematisering av vad digitalisering i socialtjänsten betyder och hur olika verksamheter påverkas. Digitaliseringen väcker reaktioner, både i form av rädslor för att det personliga mötet ska försvinna och förhoppningar om effektiva lösningar för ett mer ekonomiskt, rättvist och mer likriktat beslutsfattande och utförande. Kan digital t
Automated decision-making is prevalent in numerous areas of the public sector. Based on the results of a qualitative, event-based study of how robotic process automation (RPA) is discussed and implemented in social work in Sweden, two questions are answered in this paper: What actors, intentions and network formations appear in the dissemination of RPA in the management of applications for social
This thesis consists of five chapters which focus on panel data theory. Four of them analyze explicit panel data models and one chapter deals with time series forecasting model, where external panel data help us estimate unobserved explanatory variables. The broad topics discussed in the thesis include i) simplification of distribution of a statistical test under double asymptotics, ii) eliminatio
The coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic continues to be a cause of unprecedented global morbidity and mortality. Whilst COVID-19 vaccination has emerged as the only tangible solution to reducing poor clinical outcomes, vaccine hesitancy continues to be an obstacle to achieving high levels of vaccine uptake. This represents particular risk to patients with autoimmune diseases, a group alre
Background: The outcome in patients after surgery for acute type A aortic dissection without replacement of the part of the aorta containing the primary tear is undefined. Methods: Data of 1122 patients who underwent surgery for acute type A aortic dissection in 8 Nordic centers from January 2005 to December 2014 were retrospectively analyzed. The patients with primary tear location unfound, unkno
Exposure to elemental aluminum and its salts is unavoidable. Aluminum as a metal is present in transport, construction, packaging, and electronic equipment. Aluminum salts are present in consumer products, food items and drinking water, vaccines, drugs, and antiperspirants. Aluminum in vaccines and preparations for allergen-specific immunotherapy are the major sensitization sources. The predominen
Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive, neurodegenerative disease involving both motor and non-motor symptoms (NMS). In the late stage of the disease, Hoehn and Yahr (HY) stages IV-V, the symptomatology is often severe and patients become increasingly dependent on help in their daily life, resulting in an increased burden for the informal caregivers. To assess the implications of the c
Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) is the only curative treatment for patients with myeloid/lymphoid neoplasm (MLN) with FGFR1 rearrangement, but data on overall results are limited. We report on the largest series of patients (n = 22) with FGFR1-rearranged MLN undergoing allo-HCT. Distribution according to cytogenetic subtype was: t(8;13) in 11 cases, t(8;22) in 7 cases, t(6
Purpose: Air monitoring has been the accepted exposure assessment of toxic metals from, e.g., welding, but a method characterizing the actual dose delivered to the lungs would be preferable. Sampling of particles in exhaled breath can be used for the biomonitoring of both endogenous biomarkers and markers of exposure. We have explored a new method for the sampling of metals in exhaled breath from
Low-affinity immunoglobulin gamma Fc region receptor III-A (FcγRIIIa) is a cell surface protein that belongs to a family of Fc receptors that facilitate the protective function of the immune system against pathogens. However, the role of FcγRIIIa in prostate cancer (PCa) progression remained unknown. In this study, we found that FcγRIIIa expression was present in PCa cells and its level was signif
Objectives: To analyse the incidence, treatment strategies and complications associated with penile intraepithelial neoplasia (PeIN) in Sweden over a period of 20 years. Materials and methods: Data on PeIN from the Swedish National Penile Cancer Register were analysed regarding treatment in relation to age, size of the PeIN lesion, localization of the PeIN lesion and complications using chi-square
