Introduction: Academic achievement (AA) is associated with smoking rates. Can we determine the degree to which this relationship is likely a causal one? Methods: We predict smoking in male conscripts (mean age 18.2) assessed from 1984 to 1991 (N = 233 248) and pregnant females (mean age 27.7) receiving prenatal care 1972-1990 (N = 494 995) from AA assessed in all students at 16. Instrumental varia

Objective: To compare mortality risk over up to 14 years of follow-up in methotrexate-refractory patients with early RA randomized to a strategy starting with addition of infliximab vs addition of SSZ and HCQ. Methods: Data was from the two-arm, parallel, randomized, active-controlled, open-label Swefot trial in which patients with early RA (symptom duration

Objectives: To estimate the incidence and strength of association of extra-articular manifestations [EAMs, here: anterior uveitis (AU), IBD and psoriasis] in patients with AS, undifferentiated SpA (uSpA) and PsA, compared with controls. Methods: Three mutually exclusive cohorts of patients aged 18-69 years with AS (n = 8517), uSpA (n = 10 245) and PsA (n = 22 667) were identified in the Swedish Na

PurposeTo investigate the effect of sex and load carriage on cardiorespiratory responses to high intensity exercise in male and female soldiers.MethodsSoldiers (9 women, 9 men) performed a graded treadmill test until exhaustion with no load (NL) and combat-gear with body armor (CG). Cohen's d effect sizes, paired t-tests and ANOVA were used to study differences between conditions. A mixed linear r

BACKGROUND: Co-morbidity is prevalent in women with fear of birth. Depressive symptoms and lack of prenatal attachment might influence the postpartum bonding between the mother and the new-born.AIM: To examine the underlying dimensions of the Postpartum Bonding Questionnaire and to investigate associations between depressive symptoms, prenatal attachment and postpartum bonding in women with fear o

X-ray free-electron lasers (XFELs) open a new era of X-ray based research by generating extremely intense X-ray flashes. To further improve the spectrum brightness, a self-seeding FEL scheme has been developed and demonstrated experimentally. As the next step, new-generation FELs with high repetition rates are being designed, built and commissioned around the world. A high repetition rate would si

The human cell nucleus serves as an important organelle holding the genetic blueprint for life. In this work, X-ray ptychography was applied to assess the masses of human cell nuclei using its unique phase shift information. Measurements were carried out at the I13-1 beamline at the Diamond Light Source that has extremely large transverse coherence properties. The ptychographic diffractive imaging

Enabling vehicles to draw energy from an electric road system (ERS) significantly reduces the need for battery capacity on board the vehicle. It is not necessary, nor realistic, to cover every meter of every stretch of road with ERS. The question then arises how and where the ERS sections should be placed. One way of doing it is to place equally long sections of ERS with a certain separating dista

The increasing levels of software- and data-intensive driving automation call for an evolution of automotive soft-ware testing. As a recommended practice of the Verification and Validation (VV) process of ISO/PAS 21448, a candidate standard for safety of the intended functionality for road vehicles, simulation-based testing has the potential to reduce both risks and costs. There is a growing body

Efter många år av arbete med tillgänglighet till produkter, tjänster, program och miljöer förpersoner med funktionsnedsättningar pågår nationellt och internationellt ett skifte i synsättfrån arbete med tillgänglighet för särskilda grupper till inkluderande design som har allamänniskor som målgrupp, så kallad Universell utformning (UU) eller Universal Design (UD)som det heter på engelska. En viktig

Human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) catalyzes the fourth step of the de novo pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway and uses ubiquinone Q10, a lipophilic molecule located in the inner mitochondrial membrane (IMM), as its co-substrate. DHODH is anchored to the IMM by a single transmembrane helix located at its N-terminus. Nevertheless, how DHODH function is determined by its surrounding membrane en

de senaste fem åren har begreppet universellutformning fått ett allt större genomslag i den svenskafunktionshinderpolitiken. En viktig anledning till detta är att Sverige ratificerade den så kalladefunktionsrättskonventionen år 2008. I konventionenförs universell utformning fram som huvudprincip ochnationellt åtagande för allt nytt som skapas i samhället.Det innebär att alla nya produkter, varor,

This paper will report on four machine translation projects dealing with restricted domains and controlled or semi-controlled language. The computer program Seatra translates marine forecasts between Swedish and English. It is in daily use by the Swedish meteorological agency (SMHI) and generally needs no postediting. The same basic program but with different lexicons is used in the program Maltra

Alkaline membrane fuel cells can operate using nonprecious metals as catalysts, but rely on polymeric membranes with high hydroxide conductivity and alkali-resistance, which are hard to find. A new membrane is now reported comprising ferrocenium cations in magnetically aligned domains with an excellent combination of these properties.

During the 2022 Winter Paralympic Games in Beijing, the Para snow-sport events will be held at high altitudes and in possibly cold conditions while also requiring adjustment to several time zones. Furthermore, the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic may lead to suboptimal preparations. Another concern is the high rate of injuries that have been reported in the Para alpine and snowboard events. In addition t

This report presents the findings from a pre-study concerning the opportunities and challenges of digitalization and automation in bridge design. The project approach is divided into three parts: 1) a short review of the relevant literature, 2) investigations concerning bridge industry perspectives (with focus on bridge consultants), and 3) the identification of future research needs based on part

The objective of this study was to review and describe the current state of Swedish osteoporosis care and to highlight ongoing challenges. This report encompasses quantitative health outcomes based on Swedish registry data as well as organizational and management aspects. Swedish osteoporosis care is characterized by a significant burden of disease, difficulties in identifying high-risk patients,