We report on the versatile design and operation of a two-sided spectrometer for the imaging of charged-particle momenta in two dimensions (2D) and three dimensions (3D). The benefits of 3D detection are to discern particles of different mass and to study correlations between fragments from multi-ionization processes, while 2D detectors are more efficient for single-ionization applications. Combini

Collective conventions play a significant role in resource consumption, in particular habitual, inconspicuous consumption ingrained in daily practices. To embed pro-environmental default practices in everyday life, an understanding of materiality, habits and cultural context is useful. Household rituals consume environmentally critical resources; laundry provides an example of this phenomenon, cle

The Wenlock Epoch of the Silurian Period has become one of the chronostratigraphically best-constrained intervals of the Paleozoic. The integration of multiple chronostratigraphic tools, such as conodont and graptolite biostratigraphy, sequence stratigraphy, and delta C-13(carb) chemostratigraphy, has greatly improved global chronostratigraphic correlation and portions of the Wenlock can now be co

During sexual conflict, males and females are expected to evolve traits and behaviours with a sexually antagonistic function. Recently, sexually antagonistic coevolution was proposed to occur between male and female diving beetles (Dytiscidae). Male diving beetles possess numerous suction cups on their forelegs whereas females commonly have rough structures on their elytra. These rough structures

Soot particles strongly absorb radiation in the visible and infrared spectral regions, and the soot interaction with laser light during laser diagnostic interrogation leads to particle heating and often to subsequent sublimation. Consequently, laser-heated particles transfer heat to the ambient gas leading to local gas heating, a process that has received minor attention so far in the diagnostic c

Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) generates large volumetric data sets consisting of mass to charge ratio (m/z), ion current, and x,y coordinate location. A typical analysis can acquire a dataset comprising tens of thousands of ion signals at each of thousands of sampling locations. This dataset volume often serves the limited purpose of measuring the distribution of a small set of ions with known m

Background: Long-term care for stroke survivors is fragmented and lacks an evidence-based, easy-to-use tool to identify persistent long-term problems among stroke survivors and streamline referral for treatment. We sought to develop a poststroke checklist (PSC) to help health care professionals identify poststroke problems amenable to treatment and subsequent referral. Methods: An instrument devel

Biocatalysis has the potential to provide the chemical industry with several advantages for the production of chemicals; but the use of this technology for the production of speciality and bulk chemicals is unfortunately limited due to the high costs related to the production of the biocatalyst. We have immobilized Candida antarctica lipase B (CALB) on different resins in order to obtain a more co

The incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1D) is increasing, either because of environmental factors accelerating onset of the disease or because of inducement of autoimmune diabetes in children who previously were at lower risk. High levels of immunoglobulin (Ig), specifically, IgM and IgA, and a low level of IgG were reported in adult patients; however no studies have analyzed the increasing incidence

Bifacial PV cells have the capacity to produce solar electricity from both sides and, thus, amongst other advantages, allow a significantly increase both in peak and annual power output while utilizing the same amount of silicone. According to the manufacturer, the bifacial cells are around 1.3 times more expensive than the single-sided cells. This way, bifacial PV cells can effectively reduce the

Myocardial perfusion SPECT (MPS) is one of the frequently used methods for quantification of perfusion defects in patients with known or suspected coronary artery disease. This article describes open access software for automated quantification in MPS of stress-induced ischemia and infarction and provides phantom and in vivo validation.

Organic geochemical assessment of seep oil from the Upper Ordovician (Hirnantian) Boda Limestone and solid bitumens from the Middle Ordovician (Darriwilian) limestone formations in the Siljan Crater, Sweden indicates their generation primarily from peak oil window maturity, clay-rich marine source rocks that contained aquatic algal organic matter and were deposited in an anoxic environment. Biomar

OBJECTIVES: The aim was to gather information regarding what students consider important for their motivation to attain knowledge, in order to shape courses that foster this motivation. METHOD: A qualitative design comprising focus groups including 31 nursing and medical students for interviews, semi-structured questions, and content analysis was utilized. RESULT: The students thought it was impor

Six-membered cyclic carbonates are potential monomers for phosgene and/or isocyanate free polycarbonates and polyurethanes via ring-opening polymerization. A two-step process for their synthesis comprising lipase-catalyzed transesterificationofa polyol, trimethylolpropane(TMP) with dimethylcarbonate(DMC)in a solvent-free system followed by thermal cyclization was optimized to improve process effic

Aim We investigate the importance of interacting species for current and potential future species distributions, the influence of their ecological characteristics on projected range shifts when considering or ignoring interacting species, and the consistency of observed relationships across different global change scenarios.

In this study, the residual stresses in a thermal-sprayed tungsten carbide-cobalt coating are numerically investigated after a plasma-spraying process and after a subsequent roller-burnishing process. The results from the simulations are compared to the first experimental results obtained by a classical hole-drilling method. First, effective material parameters are identified by a detailed microst

The main purpose of the recently introduced Bürger-Diehl simulation model for secondary settling tanks was to resolve spatial discretization problems when both hindered settling and the phenomena of compression and dispersion are included. Straightforward time integration unfortunately means long computational times. The next step in the development is to introduce and investigate time-integration