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Background: Current prostate cancer screening guidelines conflict with respect to the age at which to initiate screening. Objective: To evaluate the effect of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) screening versus zero screening, starting at age 50-54 yr, on prostate cancer mortality. Design, setting, and participants: This is a population-based cohort study comparing 3479 men aged 50 yr through 54 yr r
We examine strategic self-ignorance—the use of ignorance as an excuse toover-indulge in pleasurable activities that may be harmful to one’s future self. Our model shows that guilt aversion provides a behavioral rationale for present-biased agents to avoid information about negative future impacts of such activities. We then confront our model with data from an experiment using prepared, restaurantWe examine strategic self-ignorance—the use of ignorance as an excuse to over-indulge in pleasurable activities that may be harmful to one’s future self. Our model shows that guilt aversion provides a behavioral rationale for present-biased agents to avoid information about negative future impacts of such activities. We then confront our model with data from an experiment using prepared, restauran
Background: The development of social assistive robots is an approach with the intention of preventing and detecting falls among seniors. There is a need for a relatively low-cost mobile robot with an arm and a gripper which is small enough to navigate through private homes. Material and methods: User requirements of a social assistive robot were collected using workshops, a questionnaire and inte
This paper investigates a pairwise kidney exchange program that includes patient-donor pairs in which the patients can receive a kidney across the blood group barrier from their own donors. Patients in such pairs gain strictly by an exchange if they are matched to a fully compatible donor. We study the set of priority matchings where the number of patients matched to fully compatible donors is max
Increasing trends of natural organic matter (NOM) in surface water in Nordic countries may cause future problems for drinking water producers. Emerging membrane technology, such as ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF), has the potential to produce safe drinking water of good quality from sources with high organic concentrations. In the present pilot study, surface water from three sources
This paper presents a combinatorial auction which is of particular interest when short completion times are of importance. It is based on a method for approximating the bidders' preferences over two types of items when complementarity between the two may exist. The resulting approximated preference relation is shown to be complete and transitive at any given price vector. It is shown that an appro
Context. Gaia’s very accurate astrometric measurements will allow the optical realisation of the International Celestial Reference System to be improved by a few orders of magnitude. Several sets of quasars are used to define a kinematically stable non-rotating reference frame with the barycentre of the solar system as its origin. Gaia will also observe a large number of galaxies. Although they ar
As of February 2014, a regular monthly contribution to the PRC History Group's website (prchistory.org/document-of-the-month) comprising the selection and reproduction of a unique archival record from the first decades of the People's Republic of China with added contextualizing, critical, and explanatory commentary highlighting the significance and importance of the document in question.
Radio-over-copper is a niche idea that has potential to become a cornerstone in the deployment of dense 5G networks. We address one of the remaining hurdles and present an architecture for transparent crosstalk mitigation in LTE-over-copper systems. By taking advantage of reference symbols present in the downlink LTE signals we propose two methods for estimating the copper channel. System performa
In this article, we endeavour to find a fast solver for finite volume discretizations for compressible unsteady viscous flows. Thereby, we concentrate on comparing the efficiency of important classes of time integration schemes, namely time adaptive Rosenbrock, singly diagonally implicit (SDIRK) and explicit first stage singly diagonally implicit Runge-Kutta (ESDIRK) methods. To make the compariso
To increase the market share of hybrid vehicles within the automotive industry, it is necessary to minimize the cost increase related to the hybridization. In this context a methodology to estimate the cost of the electrical machine and transmission is developed. Insights on the selection of a cost effective electrical machine topology are provided and the benefits and disadvantages of different d
