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För att mildra de ekonomiska konsekvenser som orsakats av covid-19-utbrottet under våren 2020 införde EU-kommissionen ett tillfälligt ramverk om statliga stödåtgärder. Det tillfälliga ramverket visade inte bara på en rådande flexibilitet i den statsstödsrättsliga regleringen. Situationen har också inneburit att kommissionsbeslut fattats på ett snabbt och effektivt sätt för att underlätta medlemsstThe European Commission has introduced a temporary framework for state aid that aims to address and mitigate effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the European economy. The implementation of a temporary framework is not only symptomatic of the current flexibility in state aid regulation, but also of the urgency that the Commission has acted to support Member States’ efforts to tackle the ongoing pan

För erhållande av flyktingstatus krävs det att den sökandes skyddsbehov kan hänföras till någon av de skyddsgrundande egenskaperna i flyktingdefinitionen. Om den sökande har en välgrundad fruktan för förföljelse av en annan anledning är hen alltså inte flykting. Då den sökande anför ett skyddsbehov sur place på grund av konversion fokuseras bedömningen på om den sökandes skyddsbehov är hänförligt In order to obtain refugee status, it requires that the applicant's need for protection attributes to one of the grounds of persecution in the refugee definition. Thus, if the refugee has a well-founded fear for other reasons, they are not a refugee. When the applicant states a need for protection sur place, for purposes of religious conversion, the refugee status determination focuses on whet

#MeToo became in 2017 a strong and successful movement in Sweden where women exercised their freedom of expression to question structural injustice and men’s sexual violence against women. The movement broke the silence and stigma about being victim of men’s sexual violence and helped fight impunity. However, some of the #MeToo women in Sweden who told their stories also pointed out their perpetra

Horizon Europe has identified climate-neutral and smart cities as one of its mission areas. In Sweden, the national innovation programme Viable Cities has set its sights on realising climate neutrality in cities by 2030. In both cases, a mission-oriented approach focused on citizens as drivers of climate action represents a pathway to success. However, citizen involvement has been presented as an

Flood-related disasters pose one of the greatest contemporary challenges to development. Analysing and developing effective local coping strategies to flood-related disasters is crucial if at-risk communities are to successfully mitigate the impact of natural hazards whilst not compromising long-term development objectives. This thesis utilises a combination of household surveys and key informan

A woman’s right to make informed and autonomous decisions regarding her reproductive health is protected by international treaties and Guatemalan law. This thesis explores the factors influencing how far women in Paso Caballos, Guatemala, enjoy this right and answers the following question: What factors influence women in Paso Caballos’ possibility to make informed and autonomous decisions regardi

The complexities of urban informality are increasingly being examined in nuanced and region specific ways. Within the post-socialist states of Central-Eastern Europe, a growing body of research is interrogating phenomena within urban environments through the lens of transition and the unique historical and social dynamics of the area. In Romania, one such phenomena is the overrepresentation of Rom

With disability continuing to be the single most barrier to education, efforts towards inclusive education have been globally acknowledged and legally ensured. Despite its widely shared call for justice and the fulfillment of the human right of education for all, the understanding of its process is diverse and interactions amongst system remains limited. Based on the Ecological Systems Theory and

På grund av klimatförändringar behöver världens länder sluta att tillföra växthusgaser till atmosfären och därmed sluta bränna fossila bränslen. En sektor i samhället som är extremt beroende av just fossila bränslen är transportsektorn, där en lösning för att minska detta beroende kan vara elfordon. I världen är dock andelen elbilar fortfarande väldigt liten och det finns en kunskapsbrist om hur s

Relationships between women and typically older men for gifts and money in exchange for sex in South Africa are common, and known as blesser relationships. Their increasing acceptability and accessibility has been linked to negative sexual and reproductive health outcomes among young black African women. Using focus group discussions and semi-structured individual interviews, this thesis investiga

In a global context of proliferating land-based investments, growing demographic pressure, and increasing urbanization, this thesis investigates a case of large-scale land acquisition (LSLA) in Babator, Norther Ghana. The objective is to provide a better understanding of how local power structures within affected communities influence the outcome of LSLAs. In particular, it focuses on patterns of

Men and women have different energy needs, and the lack of access to electricity could be negatively affecting women more than men by reason of women’s typical gender norms in a society. However, previous studies and projects’ approach rarely recognize the gender dimension on energy. The aim of this thesis is to explore how access to reliable electricity though National Electrification Project’s m

The paper examines the relationship between non-formal education activities and youth employability in the Republic of Armenia. A case study has been conducted in order to identify soft skills competitive in the labour market and see to what extent non-formal education increases youth productivity thus helping them get engaged in the job market. Another thing that the paper aims to study is the ro

The issue of pharmaceutical pollution has recently gained attention on the international political agenda as several actors have raised concern for its negative impact on ecosystems, human health, and livelihoods in emerging economies where an increasing share of the pharmaceutical production is located due to the cheaper labor and less stringent environmental regulations. In 2019, the OECD publis

Att bygga stommar med enbart trä beskrivs gärna som en lågt hängande frukt i strävan mot att bygga mer miljövänliga hus, men sådana konstruktioner tar i anspråk större utrymme än andra lösningar. Då areapriset för bostäder är högt inom storstäder uppstår ibland situationer där en träkonstruktion inte blir lönsam eller helt enkelt inte får plats, det visar sig då att en träbaserad hybridkonstruktioIt is necessary for all industries to work actively to minimize their impact on the climate, including the construction industry, which accounts for a significant part of Sweden's total CO_2-emissions. Development to produce concrete and steel with more environmentally friendly processes is ongoing, but to lower emissions immediately and achieve long-term sustainability, we need to develop met

There is an urgent need to ensure sustainable consumption patterns in western countries such as Sweden. Movements around the world demanding leaders to take action for the survival of our planet also puts pressure on companies to act responsibly. Since consumption patterns are influenced by the decisions made by companies on how to do business the choice of business model can promote or hinder mor

Målet med examensarbetet är att simulera och utvärdera fordon-bro interaktion med avseende på ojämnheter i vägbana och jord-bro interaktion med olika fordonsmodeller och egenskaper på fjädringen. Parameterstudier kommer genomföras för plattram- och plattbroar. Syftet är att jämföra resultatet med den dynamiska förstoringsfaktorn enligt Trafikverket (TDOK 2013:0267) och att föreslå lämpliga rekommeThe objective of the thesis is to simulate and evaluate vehicle-bridge interaction (VBI) due to road surface irregularities and soil-structure interaction (SSI) with different vehicle models and suspension properties. Parameter studies will be carried out for integral and slab bridges. The aim is to compare the results with the current formula for the dynamic amplification factor (DAF) according t