The correct folding of proteins is of paramount importance for their function, and protein misfolding is believed to be the primary cause of a wide range of diseases. Protein folding has been investigated with time-averaged methods and time-resolved spectroscopy, but observing the structural dynamics of the unfolding process in real-time is challenging. Here, we demonstrate an approach to directly

Aims/hypothesis: Non-Western immigrants to Europe are at high risk for type 2 diabetes. In this nationwide study including incident cases of type 2 diabetes, the aim was to compare all-cause mortality (ACM) and cause-specific mortality (CSM) rates in first- and second-generation immigrants with native Swedes. Methods: People living in Sweden diagnosed with new-onset pharmacologically treated type

: The COVID-19 pandemic has the potential to worsen mental health problems in the general population, including increasing engagement in addictive behaviors. Here, we describe observations suggesting that the current crisis and its sequelae may worsen problem gambling. The current pandemic may impact financial and psychological well-being due to social isolation during spatial distancing, and thes

Connecting calendar ages to radiocarbon (C) ages, i.e. constructing a calibration curve, requires C samples that represent, or are closely connected to, atmospheric C values and that can also be independently dated. In addition to these data, there is information that can serve as independent tests of the calibration curve. For example, information from ice core radionuclide data cannot be directl

BACKGROUND: There is limited evidence of the effects of local anesthesia (LA) on outcomes of non-surgical periodontal treatment (NSPT), in particular among the Chinese. This retrospective cohort study aimed to evaluate the effects of LA on short-term treatment outcomes of NSPT and to determine under what circumstances LA should be prescribed to improve these outcomes. METHODS: Data from periodonta

Urine samples from 10 randomly selected patients with advanced renal disease were each divided into six aliquots and a preservative solution containing benzamidinium chloride, EDTA, tris(hydroxymethyl)-aminomethane and azide was then added to three of the aliquots. Aliquots with and without additive were then stored at room temperature for up to 7 days, at 4 degrees C for up to 30 days and at -20

Multi-criteria optimization provides decision makers with a range of clinical choices through Pareto plans that can be explored during real time navigation and then converted into deliverable plans. Our study shows that dosimetric differences can arise between the two steps, which could compromise the clinical choices made during navigation.

Background and purpose: Treatment plan evaluation is a clinical decision-making problem that involves visual search and analysis in a contextually rich environment, including delineated structures and isodose lines superposed on CT data. It is a two-step process that includes visual analysis and clinical reasoning. In this work, we used eye tracking methods to gain more knowledge about the treatme

Purpose: The Oriatron eRT6 is an experimental high dose-per-pulse linear accelerator (linac) which was designed to deliver an electron beam with variable dose-rates, ranging from a few Gy/min up to hundreds of Gy/s. It was built to study the radiobiological effects of high dose-per-pulse/dose-rate electron beam irradiation, in the context of preclinical and cognitive studies. In this work, we repo

Here, we highlight the potential translational benefits of delivering FLASH radiotherapy using ultra-high dose rates (>100 Gy·s−1). Compared with conventional dose-rate (CONV; 0.07–0.1 Gy·s−1) modalities, we showed that FLASH did not cause radiation-induced deficits in learning and memory in mice. Moreover, 6 months after exposure, CONV caused permanent alterations in neurocognitive end points, wh

Introduction Mechanical ventilation can be monitored by analysing particles in exhaled air as measured by particle flow rate (PFR). This could be a potential method of detecting ventilator-induced lung injury (VILI) before changes in conventional parameters can be detected. The aim of this study was to investigate PFR during different ventilation modes in patients without lung pathology. Method A

Although glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) are known to be involved in a variety of physiological and pathological processes, knowledge about their expression by cells or tissues, the GAGome, is limited. Xylosides can be used to induce the formation of GAGs without the presence of a proteoglycan core protein. The administration of xylosides to living cells tends to result in a considerable amplification i

This paper presents a search for dark matter in the context of a two-Higgs-doublet model together with an additional pseudoscalar mediator, a, which decays into the dark-matter particles. Processes where the pseudoscalar mediator is produced in association with a single top quark in the 2HDM+a model are explored for the first time at the LHC. Several final states which include either one or two ch

Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer death worldwide and mostly affects men. Around 20% of its incidence is by familiar disposition due to hereditary syndromes. The CRC treatment involves surgery and chemotherapy; however, the side effects of treatments and the fast emergence of drug resistance evidence the necessity to find more effective drugs. Curcumin is the main polyp

Jet fragmentation transverse momentum (jT) distributions are measured in proton-proton (pp) and proton-lead (p-Pb) collisions at sNN = 5.02 TeV with the ALICE experiment at the LHC. Jets are reconstructed with the ALICE tracking detectors and electromagnetic calorimeter using the anti-kT algorithm with resolution parameter R = 0.4 in the pseudorapidity range |η| < 0.25. The jT values are calculate

Background: We examined whether molecular characterization of high-grade epithelial ovarian cancer can inform the diagnosis and/or identify potential actionable targets. Methods: All of the consecutively sequenced high-grade ovarian tumours with consent between 2014 until 2019 were included. A total of 274 tumours underwent next generation sequencing using a targeted panel. Results: Patients with