MHC genes are extraordinarily polymorphic in most taxa. Host-pathogen coevolution driven by negative frequency-dependent selection (NFDS) is one of the main hypotheses for the maintenance of such immunogenetic variation. Here, we test a critical but rarely tested assumption of this hypothesis—that MHC alleles affect resistance/susceptibility to a pathogen in a strain-specific way, that is, there i

Woolly mammoths had a set of adaptations that enabled them to thrive in the Arctic environment. Many mammoth-specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) responsible for unique mammoth traits have been previously identified from ancient genomes. However, a multitude of other genetic variants likely contributed to woolly mammoth evolution. In this study, we sequenced two woolly mammoth genomes a

Introduction: In Sweden, head computed tomography (CT) is commonly used for prediction of neurological outcome after cardiac arrest, as recommended by guidelines. We compare the prognostic ability and interrater variability of routine and novel CT methods for prediction of poor outcome. Methods: Retrospective study including patients from Swedish sites within the Target Temperature Management afte

The widely used stainless steels and their deformed variants are anticorrosive in ambient conditions due to passivation layers composed of chromium oxides. Conventionally, corrosion and erosion of the steels are attributed to the breakdown of such layers but seldomly to the origin that depends on surface heterogeneity at the microscopic level. In this work, the nanometer-scaled chemical heterogene

Background: Dizziness and vertigo affect around 15% of adults annually and represent common reasons for contacting health services, accounting for around 3% of all emergency department visits worldwide. Vertigo is also associated with excessive use of diagnostic imaging and emergency care and decreased productivity, primarily because of work absenteeism. Vestibular rehabilitation is an evidence-ba

Tumor growth rate estimations can provide useful information about tumor progression and aggressiveness. Understanding the breast cancer progression and aggressiveness could aid with personalized screening/follow-up, treatment options, and prognosis. This paper reports a preliminary estimation of the tumor volume doubling time (TVDT) for cancers detected during the Malmö Breast Tomosynthesis Scree

We present an experimental method capable of capturing the complete spatiotemporal dynamics of filamenting ultrashort laser pulses. By employing spatially resolved Fourier transform spectrometry in combination with the capability to terminate the filament at any length, we can follow the nonlinear dynamics in four dimensions, i.e. the transverse domain, time and filament length. Our method thus no

Background: Few studies have evaluated the efficacy of ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) in the treatment of treatment-resistant depression (TRD) and substance use disorders (SUD). Methods: A systematic review of clinical trials reporting on the efficacy of KAP and discussing mechanisms of action, identified on PubMed and PsycInfo. Results: Five randomized-controlled trials reported on the eff

Fast noninvasive probing of spatially varying decorrelating events, such as cerebral blood flow beneath the human skull, is an essential task in various scientific and clinical settings. One of the primary optical techniques used is diffuse correlation spectroscopy (DCS), whose classical implementation uses a single or few single-photon detectors, resulting in poor spatial localization accuracy an

Although gut microbiome dysbiosis has been illustrated in celiac disease (CD), there are disagreements about what constitutes these microbial signatures and the timeline by which they precede diagnosis is largely unknown. The study of high-genetic-risk patients or those already with CD limits our knowledge of dysbiosis that may occur early in life in a generalized population. To explore early gut

The ISSCR has developed the Informed Consent Standards for Human Fetal Tissue Donation and Research to promote uniformity and transparency in tissue donation and collection. This standard is designed to assist those working with and overseeing the regulation of such tissue and reassure the wider community and public.

Spectrum clustering is a powerful strategy to minimize redundant mass spectra by grouping them based on similarity, with the aim of forming groups of mass spectra from the same repeatedly measured analytes. Each such group of near-identical spectra can be represented by its so-called consensus spectrum for downstream processing. Although several algorithms for spectrum clustering have been adequat

Lateglacial and Holocene summer sea-surface temperature (SST) variability in the northern North Atlantic was reconstructed based on diatom records from two sediment cores from the North Icelandic shelf. The temperature changes are discussed in relation to palaeoceanographic circulation patterns and past climatic changes. Modern diatom data from surface sediments from around Iceland and Southeast a

Aim: This study analyzed time trends in the use of coronary procedures, guideline-based drugs, and 1-year all-cause and presumed cardiovascular mortality (CV) following acute coronary syndrome (ACS) in patients with and without bipolar disorder (BD). Method: Using Danish registries 497 patients with ACS and BD in the period 1996–2016 were matched 1:2 on age, sex and year of ACS to patients without

OBJECTIVE To determine gestational weekly changes in continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics and 24-h glucose profiles and their relationship to infant birth weight in pregnant women with type 1 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS An analysis of >10.5 million CGM glucose measures from 386 pregnant women with type 1 diabetes from two international multicenter studies was performed. CGM glucos

Increasing evidence shows that climate change and other sustainability challenges are, in fact, internal relationship crises. The author points to the potential of our minds, mindfulness, and compassion to stem the climate crisis through their potential to foster fundamental aspects of connection, including our human relationship with nature.

Purpose: Limited data are available on the impact of dronedarone treatment in Asian patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter (AFL). This post hoc analysis evaluated the efficacy and safety of dronedarone compared with placebo in populations from Asian and non-Asian regions randomized in the ATHENA trial (A Placebo-Controlled, Double-blind, Parallel Arm Trial to Assess the Efficacy

In a large, multiethnic cohort of youths with obesity, we analyzed pathophysiological and genetic mechanisms underlying variations in plasma glucose responses to a 180 min oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Latent class trajectory analysis was used to identify various glucose response profiles to a nine-point OGTT in 2,378 participants in the Yale Pathogenesis of Youth

With the increase of computing power, large eddy simulation (LES) within the Lagrangian–Eulerian two-phase flow framework has evolved as an useful numerical tool to gain insights to the spray combustion processes in advanced internal combustion engines. However, the inherent effect of grid/filter size (G/FS) on the physics revealed by LES is not fully understood. In this paper, we present several

Exocytosis in excitable cells is essential for their physiological functions. Although the exocytotic machinery controlling cellular secretion has been well investigated, the function of the vesicular cargo, i.e. secretory granular content remains obscure. Here we combine dSTORM imaging and single-domain insulin antibody, to dissect the in situ structure of insulin granule cores (IGCs) at nano lev