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The issue of riba, that is, interest/the “excess” or “surplus” on loans is crucial for both Islamic and non-Islamic countries. Western economic systems use interest to distribute financial resources efficiently for investment and/or consumption, while Islamic economies pursue a completely different strategy for financing loans, which adheres to Islamic laws and prohibits the activities of conventi

This article aims first to understand how and why forced migrants decide to leavear stay in their first country af asylum, and second to contribute to the theory afagentic analyses af forced displacement. Our contribution adds to the growingbody af research examining the impact af social class and associated capitals anthe trajectories af forced migrants. Our analysis af the protracted displacemen

Which linguistic labels we use to name ourselves and others – such as disabled and non-disabled – make a difference regarding how we see ourselves and each other. Such labels may also say something about how we view society and the roles of people in it, as illustrated by the choice between people-first and identity-first labels. In the present study, we use a sample of 56,666 articles published b

Pool boiling is an effective heat dissipation approach in electronic cooling, battery thermal management, etc. This study used the electrochemical deposition method to fabricate one smooth nickel specimen (named Ni-smooth) and three specimens with a porous nickel-stacked structure. The three porous specimens were created with deposition current densities of 0.5 A·cm–2 (named Ni-0.5), 2.0 A·cm–2 (n

This paper presents millimeter-wave scattering from a building facade predominantly composed of windows. These windows are integrated into the walls, forming dihedral structures that reflect waves toward the incident angle. The scattered field resulting from the building facade is simulated using the two-bounce Geometrical-Physics (GO) method. We analyze the channel in power loss and arrival angle

Wetland methane responses to temperature and precipitation are studied in a boreal wetland-rich region in northern Europe using ecosystem process models. Six ecosystem models (JSBACH-HIMMELI, LPX-Bern, LPJ-GUESS, JULES, CLM4.5, and CLM5) are compared to multi-model means of ecosystem models and atmospheric inversions from the Global Carbon Project and upscaled eddy covariance flux results for thei

Joint diagonalization of collections of matrices, i.e. the problem of finding a joint set of approximate eigenvectors, is an important problem that appears in many applicative contexts. It is commonly formulated as finding the minimizer, over the set of all possible bases, for a certain non-convex functional that measures the size of off-diagonal elements. Many approaches have been studied in the

III-Nitride based LEDs based on InGaN active layers on GaN work very well for the blue and green emitting LEDs. However, the large lattice mis-match between redemitting active layers, with at least 35% indium in the active layers, and the GaN substrate still limits the efficiencies obtained to very low values. Unfortunately, the approach to use GaAs based (GaAs/AlInGaP) devices for the red fails f

In this paper, we present novel key-recovery attacks on Approximate Homomorphic Encryption schemes, such as CKKS, when employing noise-flooding countermeasures based on non-worst-case noise estimation. Our attacks build upon and enhance the seminal work by Li and Micciancio at EUROCRYPT 2021. We demonstrate that relying on average-case noise estimation undermines noise-flooding countermeasures, ev

Objective: To compare the effectiveness of JAK inhibitors (JAKis) and biologic disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) on pain in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Methods: In this retrospective study, we investigated patients with a diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis, starting treatment with a JAKi (n = 1,827), a tumor necrosis factor inhibitor (TNFi; n = 6,422), an interleukin-6 inhibit

Radar Cross Section measurement data is often analyzed using Inverse Synthetic Aperture Radar images. Backprojection is the conventional method to create these images but is limited in resolution. This paper builds on developments of ℓ1-minimization and iterative smooth reweighted ℓ1-minimization to get superresolution and adding another processing step with Gaussian smoothing. This step improves

This paper reports and demonstrates a packetponder for access/metro node consolidation and aggregation using common-form-factor pluggables (CFFP), which can simplify edge network architectures.

Purpose: This study aimed to investigate whether malnutrition or nutrition impact symptoms (NIS) affect the possibility of returning to work after treatment for head and neck cancer. Methods: Patients of working age with head and neck cancer were followed up from treatment initiation to 3 months (n = 238), 1 year (n = 182), and 2 years (n = 130) after treatment completion. The observed decrease in

Bark beetle infestations pose a significant threat to forest ecosystems, necessitating timely intervention for effective management and conservation. This study focuses on an 8,100 km2 area in southern Sweden, heavily impacted by a bark beetle outbreak triggered by a severe drought in 2018. Using spectral indices derived from Sentinel-2 data, it explores the potential of a window-based approach fo

Generation Z (Gen Z) will soon become the biggest living generation and the most dominant in terms of population and economic power, making them one of the tourism industry’s fastest-growing segments and a crucial market to target. There is growing evidence that Gen Z is concerned about the environmental and social effects of their consumption and is guided by strong ethical and environmental idea

Introduction: Children born preterm are at increased risk for adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Music and reading activities in childhood could ameliorate these difficulties, as they have shown benefits on both neural and behavioral levels. However, only a few studies have assessed these potential benefits in preterm-born children. We investigated whether music and language activities in early

Objectives: It has been belived that changes in diastolic blood velocities in the fetal ductus venosus were due to increased central venous pressure secondary to increased fetal heart strain during hypoxia or heart failure. There have been recent reports of changes in ductus venosus blood velocity without signs of increased fetal heart strain. The aim of this evaluation was to compare blood veloci

Robotic systems for manipulation tasks are increasingly expected to be easy to configure for new tasks. While in the past, robot programs were often written statically and tuned manually, the current, faster transition times call for robust, modular and interpretable solutions that also allow a robotic system to learn how to perform a task. We propose the method Behavior-based Bayesian Optimizatio