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Registreringshindret för tecken som endast består av en form som ger en vara ett betydande värde har varit en del av EU:s varumärkesrätt sedan den första gemensamma varumärkesdirektivet trädde i kraft 1989. Sedan dess har registreringshindret, som idag återfinns i artikel 7.1(e) iii VMF samt artikel 4.1(e) iii, fått stå i skymundan i förhållande till de andra två registreringshindren för tecken meThe exclusion for signs that consists exclusively of the shape which gives substantial value to the goods have been a part of trademark law of the EU since the first shared trademark-directive came into force in 1989. Since that day the exclusion, who today can be found in Article 7.1(e) iii TMR and Article 4.1(e) iii, have been forced to take a backseat in comparison to the other to exclusions fo

The wind power industry has long remained passive on broader sustainability issues, grounded in the perception that the industry is inherently linked with environmental sustainability. Within the past 5 years, there has been a dramatic change in the stakeholder and corporate perception of sustainability. Increasing expectations from stakeholders are pressuring wind OEMs to transition and advance c

Det har funnits en tradition i det svenska påföljdssystemet att särbehandla unga myndiga. Den 2 januari 2022 slopades delvis ungdomsreduktionen. Underlaget för den delvis slopade ungdomsreduktionen bestod av betänkandet Slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga vilket utgjorde underlag för propositionen Slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga vid allvarlig brottslighet. Propositionen ledde till att ungdomThere’s been a tradition of special treatment toward young adults in the Swedish legal sanction system. On January 2, 2022, the young adult penalty reduction was partially abolished. The basis for the partially abolished young adult reduction consisted of the report Abolished sentence reduction for young adults (Slopad straffrabatt för unga myndiga), which in turn formed the basis for the proposit

The aim of this essay is to perform a media study of how the identity of” immigrants” is constructed and which discourses about “immigrants” appear in one of the Swedish newspapers, Aftonbladet. With this study, I intend to shed light on how the discourse reflects and affects the broader marginalization in the Swedish society. This research is limited to the time period between January 2015, and D

Within the circular economy, alternatives to fast-fashion include second-hand clothing consumption. The narratives surrounding second-hand clothing have shifted from the stigma of old, dirty, smelly clothing to trendy, sustainable, and bargain items. The environmental benefits of second-hand are realised through the increased use-intensity and avoided production of new garments. However, these ben

As cloud service providers becomes more prevalent, so does questions related to cost efficiency of hosted resources. Payment models for cloud hosted resources tend to be either subscription based or pay-as-you-go for computing resources, in this case for compound metrics of CPU, Data IO and Log IO. In order to find necessary resource provisioning, previous methods have tended towards observing the

Border carbon adjustment (BCA) policies are increasingly discussed as an instrument to avoid carbon leakage; however, their social implications are not well understood. Nevertheless, the EU introduced its CBAM, which will take effect in 2026. After showing that distributional impacts in exporting countries were not considered in the policy process, I examine the potential effects in South Africa,

As climate change emerges as an urgent issue, the role of cities in responding to climate change is also becoming increasingly important. Cities can contribute to greenhouse gas reduction through local level climate action. In addition, it is essential for cities to develop local level adaptation plan in order to deal with inevitable climate change since the impacts of climate change local specifi

Climate adaptation finance is crucial, particularly for the most vulnerable countries, as these countries often face the worst impacts and are the least capable of adapting. While adaptation finance mobilization has increased over the last years, little has actually been channelled to the most vulnerable countries, with no concrete evidence of the prioritization of the most vulnerable countries in

Ofta har jag får höra att barockens kompositörer använde sig av den klassiska retorikens modeller när de komponerade musik. Frågeställningen för denna lecture recital har således varit att ta reda på hur detta samband mellan retorik och musik ser ut, samt att undersöka vilka av retorikens modeller jag som organist kan använda mig av för att förstå hur Bach komponerade sin musik. Som empiriskt uI have often been told that composers from the baroque era used the models of classical rhetoric while they composed music. The question for this lecture recital has thus been to find out what this connection between rhetoric and music looks like, as well as to investigate which of the rhetorical models I, as an organist, could use in order to understand how Bach composed his music. Bach's

This thesis is a single case study exploring how the need to help shapes implementation of equality policy. The case constitutes of the Swedish section of Amnesty International where interviews with employees and activists were conducted and complemented with a document analysis. The research is guided by a postcolonial theoretical framework that redefines the concept of ‘need’, which offers an op

With the calls raised in “buy clean” within green public procurement (GPP) for construction, recently, low-carbon procurement (LCP), the subset GPP is getting more and more attention. However, not many academic publications explore LCP for public buildings or infrastructure projects. Moreover, it appears that little research further investigates its influence on the decarbonization of hard-to-abat

This essay examines the relationship between ESG and abnormal returns and its implications on investing. To investigate this topic, I allocate stocks into zero-investment portfolios based on high and low ESG, using three different weighting methods, equal weighting, value weighting and portfolio optimization. The portfolios are then evaluated using the CAPM as well as the Fama-French three-factor

The Green New Deal (GND) is an idea that has mobilised civil society in the United Kingdom (UK), leading to calls for a publicly led transformation of society away from fossil fuels. Despite the widespread support for a GND in the UK, government action at the national level remains stagnant. The recent burst of energy in local climate politics, with over 75% of local authorities in the UK declarin

Educational systems constantly shape and rebuild our lives. Faced with the urgency of climate change, the development of knowledge by students about the climate crisis and their own role in global systems is critically important to prepare them for their future lives as global citizens and decision makers. This calls for educational systems to take a more prominent position in educating educators

Embedded in a history of global colonial capitalism and the system’s crisis ridden tendencies and fixes for capital accumulation, extractivism increases globally. The intensive exploitation of resources is increasingly framed as compatible with and necessary to climate change mitigation for the possibility of a low-carbon future, opening new extractive frontiers through a path of ‘green’ extractiv

Education, as one of the most important issues in society, can be understood rather differently. How various governments construct education can have a major impact on the discourse and with that on the actual education. Through the German federal system, each federal state is in charge of their educational system. Different governments mean different parties with different objectives, which are a

Despite attention for lack of racial diversity in climate movements in the Global North, there is little examination of other manifestations of whiteness. This thesis examines how structural whiteness – as a norm and as a power structure – shapes the Dutch climate movement’s relation to climate justice and how these impacts can be countered. Understanding racial justice as central to climate justi

Marginalisation is present in youth education for sustainability. Reducing marginalisation in youth education for sustainability is crucial in the field of human ecology since it strives to understand environmental and social justice. This thesis explores the role of art in European youth education for sustainability and the potential of art to transform dominant Western industrial cultural assump