Biorefining of lignocellulosic biomass into biofuels and chemicals can help replace fossil resources and decrease anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions. This thesis is focused on the effects of mixing on the enzymatic hydrolysis of pretreated biomass. Two different types of biomass were studied: softwood (Norway spruce and Scots pine), and the energy grass giant reed. Before enzymatic hydrolysis,

Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) is a major health problem in many parts of the world, and the major causative agents are thought to be the use of alcohol and tobacco. Oncogenic viruses have also been suggested to be involved in OSCC development. This study investigated the prevalence of human papillomaviruses (HPV), herpes simplex virus (HSV) and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) in 155 OSCC from eight

OBJECTIVE: The Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is associated with both malignant and benign diseases in the head and neck region. In several studies it has also been associated with oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). Oral lichen planus (OLP) is a disease with unknown origin, and viral antigens have been proposed as etiologic agents. Smoking and alcohol habits are known risk factors for oral cancer deve

Various microchannel heat sinks are widely used to cool electronic chips, but they are often designed to be single-layer channels. To a certain extent, single-layered microchannel heat sinks can solve the problem of high heat flux. However, due to the limitation of pumping power, only a small coolant flow rate can be adopted; and the temperature of the heated plate is non-uniform. In this paper, t

In this paper the mechanical response of single-crystal nano-sized Cu beams of different sizes, loaded in displacement controlled tension under constant strain rate is investigated through 3D molecular dynamic simulations using the free-ware LAMMPS. The effects from pure geometric scaling are determined for two different crystallographic orientations of the lattice. Stress–strain curves were recor

Constraints on the composition of the depleted mantle Sm–Nd and Lu–Hf crust formation ages have a long history of scientific debate. When calculating mantle extraction ages, and constructing crustal growth models, a linear evolution of incompatible trace elements in a depleted mantle since > 4 Ga is routinely used. Mantle depletion however varies regionally and over time and subduction of sediment

This paper examines the relationship between loss aversion and consumer behaviour in a non-price policy intervention that followed the installation of smart meter (SM) technology. Drawing upon insights from behavioural economics, we propose that consumers underestimate potential gains and overestimate potential financial losses resulting from electricity use. To test the hypothesis, we carried out

Context. The study of the Milky Way relies on our ability to interpret the light from stars correctly. With the advent of the astrometric ESA mission Gaia we will enter a new era where the study of the Milky Way can be undertaken on much larger scales than currently possible. In particular we will be able to obtain full 3D space motions of red giant stars at large distances. This calls for a reinv

Objective:We explore whether standardisation in health care based on evidence on group level and a public health perspective is in conflict with responsiveness towards individual patient’s expectations in Swedish primary care.Methods:Using regression analysis, we study the association between patient views about providers’ responsiveness and indicators reflecting provider’s adherence to evidence-b

This article investigates the cross-linguistic comparability of the newly developed lexical assessment tool Cross-linguistic Lexical Tasks (LITMUS-CLT). LITMUS-CLT is a part the Language Impairment Testing in Multilingual Settings (LITMUS) battery (Armon-Lotem, de Jong & Meir, 2015). Here we analyse results on receptive and expressive word knowledge tasks for nouns and verbs across 17 language

Svensk hälso- och sjukvård har i ett historiskt perspektiv dominerats av investeringar i specialistvård och sjukhus. Även om intresset för primärvården har ökat kvarstår många frågor om hur man bäst organiserar verksamheten och vilken betydelse primärvården har för hälso- och sjukvårdens samlade kvalitet och effektivitet. Flera internationella bedömningar pekar mot att det behövs mera grundläggandSvensk hälso- och sjukvård har i ett historiskt perspektiv dominerats av investeringar i specialistvård och sjukhus. Även om intresset för primärvården har ökat kvarstår många frågor om hur man bäst organiserar verksamheten och vilken betydelse primärvården har för hälso- och sjukvårdens samlade kvalitet och effektivitet. Flera internationella bedömningar pekar mot att det behövs mera grundläggand

Vägen till en ätstörning, som exempelvis anorexia nervosa eller hetsätningsstörning leder alltid förbi ett gränsland där energiintaget stegvis förändras. Kanske stoppar man i sig aningen mindre mat på måndagen än man gjorde på söndagen och på tisdagen lite mindre än på måndagen. Eller kanske man frivilligt stoppar fingrarna i halsen någon gång när man känner att man har ätit för mycket. Detta gränThe path to an eating disorder (ED) always leads through a borderland, which, in this thesis, is referred to as disordered eating (DE) (Neumark-Sztainer, Wall, Eisenberg, Story, & Hannan, 2006; Waaddegaard, Thoning, & Petersson, 2003). In this borderland, people tend to make unhealthy eating choices, such as greatly reducing their food intake, self-inducing vomiting, or engaging in binge e

How come that the Armenian genocide, a century old issue, is still a highly topical question, academic as well as political, in our days? My dissertation intends to follow the development of the Armenian question since WWI, with focus on the past half century, starting on the 50th commemoration day on April 24, 1965. The aim is to understand how the question has evolved during these years, identif

The current state of knowledge about the genus Resupinatus in Greece is assessed. The genus is represented in Greece by three species: R. alboniger, R. applicatus and R. striatulus. Resupinatus alboniger is newly reported from Greece, whereas R. striatulus is reported for the second time. Detailed descriptions, line drawings and microscopic photographs are presented.

The last decade established that the dynamic properties of the phosphoproteome are central to function and its modulation. The temporal dimension of phosphorylation effects remains nonetheless poorly understood, particularly for intrinsically disordered proteins. Osteopontin, selected for this study due to its key role in biomineralization, is expressed in many species and tissues to play a range

Th2 cytokines like interleukin-4, -5, and -13 are regarded as important drivers of the immunopathology underlying allergic rhinitis (AR) and asthma. The present study explores the capacity of pentosan polysulfate sodium (PPS), a semi-synthetic heparin-like macromolecular carbohydrate, to bind Th2 cytokines and exert biological neutralization in vitro, as well as anti-inflammatory actions in vivo.